Math's Topics

Math’s Topics

Math is one of the most important subjects for all students in all classes not only for academics but also in daily life. We are using the fundamentals of Math in our daily life and its application is used in all aspects of life. This page is prepared by Math experts who believe in teaching math in simple and fun-based learning. Our experts added the most important math questions which students asked in the classes and find difficult to understand the topics. We have carefully selected a few chapters and topics listed on this page with proper explanations of the sub-topics to provide you with a good knowledge of the chapters. 

Numbers expressed using figures -- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 0 are called digits. Out of these, 0 is called the ‘in significant’ digit whereas the others are called significant digits. 

Numerals: A group of figures, representing a number, is called a numeral. Numbers are divided into the following types: 

Natural Numbers        

Numbers are used for counting the object. Natural numbers are represented by N

N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ….}    

Whole Numbers

When we include zero in the natural numbers, it is known as whole numbers. Whole numbers are denoted by W. 

W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4…….}    

Prime Numbers

A number other than 1 is called a prime number if it is divisible only by 1 and itself.

Composite Numbers

A number, other than 1 which is not a prime number is called a composite number. 

    e.g. 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, …etc. 

Even Numbers

The number which is divisible by 2 is known as an even number. 

    e.g    . 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, …. etc. 

    It is in the form 2n (where n is a whole number) 

Odd Numbers

A number that is not divisible by 2 is known as an odd number. 

    e.g. 3, 9, 11, 17, 19, … etc. 

Consecutive Numbers

A series of numbers in which each is greater than its predecessor by 1, is called consecutive numbers. 

    e.g. 6, 7, 8,  or 13, 14, 15 or 101, 102, 103. 

Integers

The set of numbers that consists of whole numbers and negative numbers is known as integers. It is denoted by me. 

    e.g. I = {-4, -3,-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4} 

Rational numbers

When the numbers are written in fractions, they are known as rational numbers. They are denoted by Q. e.g. rational numbers. Or, the numbers which can be written in the form a/b  (where a and b are integers and b is not equal to 0) are called rational numbers. 

Irrational Numbers

The numbers which cannot be written in form of p/q are known as irrational numbers (where p and q are integers and q not equal to 0). 

Real Numbers

Real numbers include both rational as well as irrational numbers. 

Rule of signification 

(i)    In simplifying an expression, first of all, the vinculum or bar must be removed. For example, we know that -8 -10 = -18 but if bar is mentioned in the above of this equation than  -8 -10=2

(ii)    After removing the bar, the brackets must be removed, strictly in the order (), {}, []. 

(iii)    After removing the brackets, we must use the following operations strictly in the order given below: 

    (a) of 

    (b) division 

    (c) multiplication 

    (d) addition and 

    (e) subtraction. 

Note: The rule is known as the rule of ‘VBODMAS’, where V, B, O, D, M, A, and S stand for Vinculum, Bracket, Of, Division, Multiplication, Addition and Subtraction. 

General Rules for solving problems in Arithmetic 

(1)    (a + b)(a - b)         =     a2 - b2 

(2)    (a + b)2             =    a2 + 2ab + b2 

(3)    (a - b)2             =     a2 - 2ab + b2 

(4)    (a + b)3            =     a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b) 

(5)    (a - b)3         =    a3 - b3 - 3ab(a - b) 

(6)    a3 + b3             =     (a + b)(a2 - ab + b2) 

(7)    a3 - b3            =     (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2)