ICSE Class 8 Chemistry Syllabus

The ICSE (Indian Certificate of Secondary Education) Class 8 Chemistry syllabus introduces students to fundamental concepts in chemistry, emphasizing both theoretical understanding and practical applications. Below is a detailed overview of the latest ICSE Class 8 Chemistry syllabus:

1. Matter

Classification of Matter: Understanding the physical and chemical classification of matter.
States of Matter: Characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases; changes in state (melting, boiling, condensation, freezing, sublimation).
Physical and Chemical Changes: Definitions, examples, and differences between physical and chemical changes.
Mixtures and Compounds: Differences between mixtures and compounds, types of mixtures (homogeneous and heterogeneous).

2. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

Elements: Definition, types (metals, non-metals, metalloids), properties, and examples.
Compounds: Definition, formation, properties, and examples.
Mixtures: Types of mixtures, separation techniques (filtration, evaporation, distillation, chromatography).

3. Atomic Structure

Atoms and Molecules: Basic concepts of atoms and molecules, atomic structure (protons, neutrons, electrons).
Symbols and Formulae: Chemical symbols, molecular formulae, writing chemical formulae of simple compounds.
Valency: Concept of valency, determination of valency of elements.

4. Language of Chemistry

Chemical Reactions: Introduction to chemical reactions, reactants and products, examples of simple chemical reactions.
Chemical Equations: Writing and balancing chemical equations.
Types of Chemical Reactions: Combination, decomposition, displacement, and double displacement reactions.

5. Water

Composition of Water: Molecular structure of water, chemical properties.
Water as a Solvent: Solubility, types of solutions (saturated, unsaturated, supersaturated).
Hard and Soft Water: Differences between hard and soft water, causes of hardness, methods of removing hardness.

6. Air and Atmosphere

Composition of Air: Major components of air, their properties, and importance.
Pollution: Air pollution, causes, effects, and preventive measures.
Acid Rain: Causes of acid rain, its effects on the environment, and ways to control it.

7. Hydrogen

Preparation of Hydrogen: Laboratory preparation of hydrogen, properties, and uses of hydrogen.
Physical and Chemical Properties: Reactions of hydrogen with oxygen, chlorine, and other elements.
Applications of Hydrogen: Uses in industry and everyday life.

8. Oxygen

Preparation of Oxygen: Laboratory preparation, properties, and collection of oxygen.
Physical and Chemical Properties: Oxygen as an oxidizing agent, reactions with metals and non-metals.
Importance of Oxygen: Role in combustion, respiration, and various industrial applications.

9. Carbon and Its Compounds

Forms of Carbon: Allotropes of carbon (diamond, graphite, and amorphous carbon).
Oxides of Carbon: Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, their properties, and environmental impact.
Carbon Compounds: Introduction to organic compounds, hydrocarbons, and their importance.

10. Acids, Bases, and Salts

Acids: Definition, types (strong and weak acids), properties, and examples.
Bases: Definition, types (strong and weak bases), properties, and examples.
Salts: Formation of salts, properties, types of salts.
Indicators: Litmus paper, phenolphthalein, methyl orange, and universal indicators to test acids and bases.

11. Metals and Non-metals

Properties of Metals: Physical and chemical properties of metals, examples.
Properties of Non-metals: Physical and chemical properties of non-metals, examples.
Reactivity Series: Understanding the reactivity of metals, displacement reactions.
Uses of Metals and Non-metals: Everyday applications and industrial uses.

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Hydrocarbons: Basic introduction to alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.
Functional Groups: Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and their basic properties.
Polymers: Introduction to natural and synthetic polymers, examples and uses.