ICSE Board Class 9 Syllabus for Biology

The ICSE Board syllabus for Class 9 Biology is designed to provide students with a foundational understanding of biological concepts, principles, and their applications. The syllabus covers a wide range of topics that introduce students to the study of life and living organisms, preparing them for more advanced studies in higher classes. Here's an overview of the topics typically covered in the ICSE Class 9 Biology syllabus:

1. Basic Biology

Cell: The Unit of Life: Structure of plant and animal cells, functions of cell organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, etc.), cell membrane, and cell wall.
Tissues: Types of plant and animal tissues, their structure, function, and importance in the body.

2. Flowering Plants

Morphology of Flowering Plants: Structure and function of root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, and seed.
Photosynthesis: Process of photosynthesis, factors affecting photosynthesis, significance of photosynthesis.
Respiration in Plants: Aerobic and anaerobic respiration, process and significance of respiration, differences between photosynthesis and respiration.
Transpiration: Process, types, significance of transpiration, factors affecting transpiration.
Absorption by Roots: Structure of roots, process of water and mineral absorption, role of root hairs.

3. Diversity in Living Organisms

Classification of Living Organisms: Importance of classification, five-kingdom classification system (Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia), basis of classification.

4. Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi

Bacteria: Structure, types, beneficial and harmful roles of bacteria in the environment, agriculture, industry, and medicine.
Fungi: Structure, types, economic importance of fungi in industries, role in decomposition, symbiosis, and diseases.

5. Human Anatomy and Physiology

Nutrition: Types of nutrition, digestive system in humans, process of digestion and absorption, balanced diet, malnutrition, and its effects.
Digestive System: Structure and functions of the human digestive system, enzymes involved in digestion, process of digestion, absorption, and assimilation.
Respiratory System: Structure and functions of the human respiratory system, process of breathing and gas exchange, respiratory volumes.
Circulatory System: Structure and functions of the human circulatory system, composition of blood, heart structure, blood vessels, circulation of blood, blood groups, and blood transfusion.
Excretory System: Structure and functions of the human excretory system, formation and excretion of urine, role of the kidney.
Nervous System: Structure and functions of the nervous system, central and peripheral nervous systems, structure and functions of the brain and spinal cord, reflex action.
Sense Organs: Structure and functions of the eye and ear, process of vision and hearing, common defects of vision and their correction.
Endocrine System: Endocrine glands in humans, hormones secreted by these glands, their functions, and related disorders.

6. Health and Hygiene

Diseases: Causes and types of diseases (infectious and non-infectious), methods of prevention and control, importance of personal hygiene.
Health Education: Importance of health education, principles of health and hygiene, role of diet, exercise, and clean environment in maintaining health.

7. Waste Generation and Management

Types of Waste: Different types of waste (solid, liquid, organic, inorganic), sources of waste.
Waste Management: Importance of waste management, methods of waste disposal, recycling, composting, sewage treatment, and environmental impact of waste.

8. Ecosystems

Types of Ecosystems: Understanding different ecosystems (forest, grassland, aquatic), components of an ecosystem, food chains, and food webs.
Conservation of Ecosystems: Importance of conservation, methods to conserve biodiversity, threats to ecosystems like deforestation, pollution, climate change.

9. Human Evolution

Evolutionary Theories: Basic concepts of evolution, natural selection, theories by Lamarck and Darwin, human evolution from primates.

10. Aids to Health

Vaccination and Immunization: Understanding the importance of vaccination, types of vaccines, and immunization schedules.
First Aid: Basic knowledge of first aid for common injuries like burns, cuts, fractures, and poisoning.