NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics is prepared and created by expert teachers as per the CBSE board requirements. Class 12th Physics becomes much more important for those preparing for competitive examinations. It is essential for NEET as well as JEE. As far as the course is concerned, CBSE has designed it with a holistic approach so that the students can score well in their board examinations and any future competitive examinations.

If you have been looking for comprehensive NCERT Solutions to all types of class 12th Physics numerical and theory questions, you are at the right place. Subject matter experts have prepared these NCERT Solutions just for you. You can access them online and supplement your preparation with accurate solutions chapter-wise.

Class 12 Physics NCERT Book Solutions – Download PDF Chapter-wise (Updated 2022-23)

• Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields
• Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
• Chapter 3: Current Electricity
• Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
• Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter
• Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction
• Chapter 7: Alternating Current
• Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves
• Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
• Chapter 10: Wave Optics
• Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
• Chapter 12: Atoms
• Chapter 13: Nuclei
• Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
• Chapter 15: Communication Systems

An Overview of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics

Physics opens many new horizons for those who wish to understand realms of motion, architecture, internal mechanisms of machines, engineering, etc. You will find in-depth solutions in these Class 12 Physics NCERT solutions:

• Electrostatic energy and numerical on computing house electricity bill in the chapter on Current Electricity.
• Magnetism and its properties like Electromagnetic Induction. The working of transformers is also explained.
• All aspects of alternating current and interconversion to direct current are elucidated. Herein, the numerical revolve around charges.
• The Electromagnetic spectrum deals with the optical world, and the related optical instruments like a telescope, etc., are also dealt with in detail.
• There is a clear distinction between wave nature and particle nature of light in the Dual Nature chapter.
• The unit on radioactivity emphasizes the ill effects and benefits of nuclear energy. Our experts have included all the necessary reactions related to this chapter.
• The closing chapters focus on semiconductors and communication systems (with illustrative diagrams). Their uses are also explained comprehensively.

Chapter Wise Class 12 NCERT Solutions

We offer you comprehensive solutions to all the fifteen chapters in the NCERT 12 Physics book. These are available in bi-lingual mode, that is, in English and Hindi. It is advantageous for students from all types of backgrounds.

NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 1 Electric charges and Fields

The word electrostatics means electric charge at rest. Electrostatics is the study of force, fields, and potentials arising from static charges. Static means anything that does not move or change its position with time. Electric charge is defined as the fundamental property of matter by which it attracts or repels any other charged matter. Every charged particle possesses a region around it in which any other charged particle experiences a force of attraction or repulsion. The force between two charged particles is known as electrostatic force.

In this chapter, we will learn about the charge and its basic properties coulombs law electric field lines and their properties, electric field due to a point charge, motion of electric charge in a uniform external electric field, electric dipole, electric dipole in a uniform external field, gauss law and its applications, etc.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electric charge possesses a region around it called an electric field, and any other charged particles experience a force in it. This electrostatic force is conservative in nature. So, we can define the electrostatic potential energy of a charge in an electrostatic field yeah similar to the gravitational potential energy of a mass in a gravitational field.

The electric potential energy difference between two points is defined as the work required to be done by an external force in moving a charge very slowly (without acceleration) from one point to another for the electric field of any arbitrary charge configuration. Work done by an electrostatic field in moving a charge from one point two another depends only on the initial and the final points and is independent of the path taken to go from one point to the another. This is the fundamental characteristic of a conservative force.

The potential energy of a charge (q) at any point (in the presence of a field due to any charge configuration) is the work done by the external force (equal & opposite to the electric force) in bringing the charge (q) from infinity to that point. The electrostatic potential at any point in an electric field is defined as the work done in bringing a unit positive charge very slowly (without acceleration) from Infinity to that point. In other words, work done per unit charge is defined as the electric potential due to a given charge configuration.

In this chapter we will learn about the potential due to a point charge, potential due to an electric dipole potential due to the system of charges, Equipotential surfaces, the potential energy of a system of charges, the potential energy of a charge in an external field, the potential energy of a dipole in an external field, Electrostatics of conductors, electrostatic shielding, dielectric and polarization, capacitors and capacitance, the parallel plate capacitor, effect of dielectric on capacitance, combination of capacitors, etc

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 3 Current Electricity

In the previous chapter, all charges whether free or bound, Were considered to be at rest. Charges in motion constitute an electric current. So, the time rate of flow of electric charge through a fixed cross-section area is called an electric current.

In this chapter, we will learn some of the basic laws related to the study of electric currents and related phenomena. We will learn about the electric current in conductor and ohms law, drift of electrons and the origin of resistivity, limitations of ohms law, colour-coded resistors, electrical energy and power, combinations of resistors in series and parallel Kirchhoff’s rules, potentiometer and its applications, etc.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 4 Moving charges and Magnetism

Recharge at rest produces an electric field while moving charge constitutes a magnetic field or/and Electromagnetic waves, together with an electric field, depending on the uniform or non-uniform motion. Dennis physicist Hans Christian Oersted concluded through his experiments that uniformly moving charges or constant currents produce a magnetic field in this surrounding space.

In this chapter, we will learn about the magnetic force on moving charged particles in presence of the external magnetic field. We will learn how currents produce magnetic fields, how particles can be accelerated to very high energies in a cyclotron, how current and voltage are detected by a galvanometer, etc.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 5 Magnetism and Matter

“Magnetism” means the phenomenon associated with the magnetic field, magnetic forces and magnetic materials.

The word magnet is derived from the name of an island in Greece called magnesia where magnetic ore deposits were found, as early as 600 BC.

All matter exhibits magnetic properties when placed in an external magnetic field. Even substances like copper, and aluminium that are not generally thought of as having magnetic properties are affected by the presence of a magnetic field such as that produced by either pole of a bar magnet.

Magnetic phenomena are universal in nature. The tiny invisible atoms, vast and distinct galaxies, humans and beasts all are permeated, with magnetic fields from a variety of sources. Mother earth and the human body in itself exhibit natural magnetism.

In the previous chapter, we learned that moving charges or electric currents produce magnetic fields. In the present chapter, we will learn about concepts of magnetism, the description of a bar magnet and its behaviour in an external magnetic field, Gauss's law of magnetism, the earth’s magnetism, classification of magnetic materials, electromagnets and permanent magnets, etc.

1. The earth behaves as a magnet with the magnetic field pointing approximately from the geographic south to the north.
2. When a bar magnet is freely suspended, it points in the north-south direction. The tip which points to the geographic north is called the north pole and the tip which points to the geographic south is called thesouth pole of the magnet.
3. (There is a repulsive force when the north poles ( or south poles ) of two magnets are brought close together. Conversely, there is an attractive force between the north pole of one magnet and the south pole of the other.
4. We cannot isolate the north or south pole of a magnet. If a bar magnet is broken into two halves, we get two similar bar magnets with somewhat weaker properties. Unlike electric charges, isolated magnetic north and south poles known as magnetic monopoles do not exist.
5. It is possible to make magnets out of iron and its alloys.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 6 Electromagnetic

The term electromagnetic induction means the induction of an electromotive force in a circuit by varying the magnetic flux linked with the circuit. Electromagnetic or magnetic induction is defined as the production of an electromotive force across an electrical conductor in a changing magnetic field

In other words, electromagnetic induction is the process of using magnetic fields to produce electromotive force or voltage, and current in a closed electrical circuit.

Electromagnetic induction was first discovered by Michael Faraday. Faraday Experimentally demonstrated that electric currents were induced in closed coils when subjected to changing magnetic fields.

In this chapter, we will study the phenomena associated with changing magnetic fields and understand the underlying principles.

The phenomenon in which electric current in a closed circuit is generated by varying magnetic fields is known as electromagnetic induction. It is the basic principle of operation of generators motors and Transformers.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 7 Alternating Current

The term “Alternating Current (AC)” means the flow of electric charge that periodically reverses its direction.

Alternating current is an electric current which periodically reverses direction and changes its magnitude continuously with time. Whereas in Direct Current (DC) the charges flow only in one direction.

Alternating current is an important phenomenon of electromagnetic induction which is widely useful in our Day to day life.

This is the kind of electric current that we have in our houses to use the television, mobiles, laptops, washing machine, refrigerators, microwave ovens, induction cooktops etc.

There are five basic properties of alternating current or alternating voltage which are as follows: amplitude, period (cycle), Frequency peak to peak, and Root Mean square (RMS).

The first characteristic of AC is its amplitude. Amplitude’s the maximum value of current or voltage. It is represented by either of the two peaks of the sine wave. This voltage Or current it’s also referred to add the peak voltage or peak current respectively, and Karbi is either positive or negative. Positive or negative refers only to the direction of current flow. A negative number doesn’t mean that the voltage or current flow is less than zero, it means only that the current flows in the opposite direction.

The second characteristic of AC is period or cycle. The interval of time needed for a signal to be repeated, or one complete repetition of the sine wave pattern, is known as a period or cycle. It is produced by one complete revolution of the AC generator. Since the sine wave begins at zero, goes positive through the positive peak and then negative through zero, and reaches the negative peak, and to zero. We say a full cycle has been completed.

The third characteristic of AC is frequency. The number of cycles that a signal (voltage/current) completed in one second is known as the frequency of the signal. For one cycle, it is equal to the reciprocal of the period.

The 4^th characteristic of AC is peak-to-peak value. This is the voltage measured between the maximum positive and negative amplitudes on the sine wave. It is twice the amplitude or peak value of the signal. This value is the maximum voltage or current available but is not all useable in practical applications.

The 5^th characteristic of AC is the Root mean square value. It is the standard way of measuring and reporting alternating current or voltage. It is not the speaker, it is the average. The root means square is found by dividing the peak amplitude by the square root of 2 (√2 = 1.414). It is typically represented by a dotted line drawn across each peak near the 70% point.

Vrms = Vp/√2 = 0.707 Vp.

In this chapter, we will learn about the AC circuits, phasors, LCR series and parallel circuits, resonance, power factor, LC oscillations, Transformers, etc.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 8 Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves or EM waves are transverse waves that are generated as a result of time and space varying oscillations of an electric field and a magnetic field. In other words, Electromagnetic waves are composed of oscillating magnetic and electric fields. We have learned that an accelerated charged particle generates an electric field, magnetic field and electromagnetic waves.

The time and space varying electric field and magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave are perpendicular to each other, and also perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave.

EM waves propagate with a constant velocity of 3,00,000 m/s in a Vacuum. They are not deflected by the electric field or magnetic field. However, they show interference or diffraction. An em wave can propagate through anything, be it in air, a solid material, or a vacuum. It does not necessarily require a medium for propagation From one place to another. Em waves are the transverse wave that electric and magnetic fields oscillate perpendicular to each other and also perpendicular to the direction of propagation of wave police stop em waves can be split into a range of frequencies, which is known as the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays, and cosmic rays are examples of electromagnetic waves.

in previous chapters, We learned that an electric current produces a magnetic field and that two current-carrying wires exert a magnetic force on each other. Also, we have seen that a magnetic field changing with time gives rise to an electric field.

In this chapter, we will discuss the displacement current and its consequences, electromagnetic waves, the broad spectrum of electromagnetic waves, Maxwell’s electromagnetic equations, etc.

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Chapter 9 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Optics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of light and its behavioural pattern and properties of light, along with its interactions with matter, and also with the instruments which are used to detect it. Re optics or geometrical optics is a model of optics that describes light propagation in terms of the rays. The ray in geometrical optics is an abstraction useful for approximating the path along which a light wave propagates and under certain circumstances.

In this chapter, we will study the phenomena of reflection refraction and dispersion of light using the ray picture of light. We’ll study the image formation by plane and spherical reflecting and refracting surfaces the construction and working of some optical instruments, including the human eye, etc.

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Chapter 10 Wave Optics

(The study of wave nature of light)

Wave optics or physical optics is the branch of optics that deals with the wave nature of light and related phenomena - such as interference, diffraction, polarization and other phenomena for which the ray approximation of geometrical optics is not valid. We have learned in geometrical optics That a ray is defined as the path of energy propagation in the limit of wavelength tending to zero, that is wave nature of light is neglected in ray optics.

In this chapter, we will learn the Wave nature of light, the Huygens principle and derive the laws of reflection and refraction, the principle of superposition, interference of light waves and Young’s experiment, the phenomenon of polarization, which is based on the fact that the light waves are transverse in nature, etc.

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Chapter 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Everything in nature is a wave and a particle. This is known as the wave-particle duality or the dual nature of matter and radiation. Maxwell’s equation of electromagnetism and Hertz’s experiments on the generation and detection of electromagnetic waves established the wave nature of light. While The contemporary experiments including the photoelectric effect and Compton effect Proved the particle nature of light.

In this chapter, we will learn about the properties of matter or light in terms of its particle nature, corpuscular theory of light, wave nature of matter, electronic emission, photoelectric effect and its laws, de-Broglie hypothesis, Davison and Germer experiment, etc.

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Chapter 12 Atoms

(The Smallest unit of matter)

An atom is the basic unit of matter that has the characteristic properties of a chemical element. An atom is made up of a nucleus, protons and electrons, and is an electrically neutral entity. An isolated atom does not exist in nature. Atoms Form eyes and molecules which further associate in large numbers to form matter, that can be perceived and measured.

In this chapter, we will learn about the Atom and its properties composition of the atom, Rutherford’s alpha particle scattering experiment and model of the atom, Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, the energy level in an atom, the line Spectra of the hydrogen atom and de-Broglie matter waves, etc

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Chapter 13 Nucleus

(The geometric centre and centre of mass of the atom)

The atomic nucleus is the very small dance region consisting of protons and neutrons at the centre of an atom, discovered by Rutherford based on the gold foil experiment. Atomic nuclei consist of electrically positive protons and electrically neutral neutrons. These are held together by the strongest non-fundamental force of nature in its range, called the strong nuclear force. The nucleus makes up much less than 0.01% of the volume of the atom, But typically contains more than 99.9% of the mass of the atom. In other words, an atom is almost empty.

In this chapter, we will learn about various properties of nuclei such as their size mass and stability and also associated nuclear phenomena such as radioactivity, nuclear fission and fusion etc.

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics: Materials Devices and Simple Circuits

The word semiconductor means the half conductor, which means the materials having conductivity in between conductors and non-conductors or insulators.

In this chapter, we will learn about the basic concepts of semiconductor physics, and discuss some semiconductor materials and devices like PN junction diode and their applications, bipolar junction transistor and their uses, logic gates, etc.

Importance and Benefits of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics

Class 12 NCERT Solutions for Physics are a boon for board students and those looking forward to making a career in this field. The answers prove helpful when students are revising the entire course. If you have any doubts, check these answers to complement your study. In addition, alternative ways to solve questions are also provided so that you can choose the easy way out. Class 12 Physics NCERT solutions are a self-study supplement for aspiring candidates.

CBSE Class 12 PhysicsAcademic Resources 2023-24