NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry

Free PDF Download of Class 12 Chemistry NCERT Textbooks Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry – A Comprehensive Guide for Students

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry are essential study resources for students aiming to excel in their CBSE board exams as well as competitive exams like JEE and NEET. Chemistry is one of the most important and challenging subjects in Class 12, with topics ranging from Organic Chemistry to Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry. The NCERT solutions provide detailed explanations and step-by-step solutions for all the exercises in the NCERT textbook, helping students not only clear their doubts but also gain a deep understanding of the concepts. You can solve sample papers for class 12 Chemistry. 

Why Choose NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry?

1. Alignment with CBSE Syllabus
   The NCERT solutions are designed to follow the CBSE syllabus, making them the most reliable and relevant study material. They cover all the important chapters, such as Solid State, Solutions, Chemical Kinetics, and Surface Chemistry, ensuring that students are thoroughly prepared for their exams.

2. Clear and Detailed Explanations
   Each chapter in Class 12 Chemistry presents intricate concepts like chemical bonding, acids and bases, redox reactions, and more. NCERT solutions offer clear and concise explanations for every topic, allowing students to grasp even the most complex ideas with ease. They break down the chemical equations, derivations, and reactions in a manner that is easy to understand and remember.

3. Step-by-Step Problem Solving
   Chemistry involves a lot of numerical problems, especially in chapters like Electrochemistry, Thermodynamics, and Physical Chemistry. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry provide step-by-step solutions to these problems, helping students understand how to approach and solve them correctly. This structured approach improves problem-solving skills, which are crucial for scoring well in both board exams and entrance exams.

4. Practice and Revision Made Easy
   The exercises in the NCERT textbook are carefully designed to enhance the understanding of each concept. The NCERT solutions offer comprehensive answers that serve as a great tool for quick revision before exams. Students can easily refer to the solutions for last-minute revision or when they need clarification on specific problems.

5. Helps in Competitive Exam Preparation
   The topics covered in the NCERT Class 12 Chemistry book are often part of the syllabus for competitive exams like JEE Main, JEE Advanced, and NEET. By practicing the NCERT solutions, students can build a strong foundation in Chemistry, which is crucial for scoring high in these exams. The clarity of the concepts helps students focus on the application of theoretical knowledge to practical problems, which is often tested in these exams.

Chapter-wise NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry

The NCERT solutions for Class 12 Chemistry are divided into various chapters, covering all major topics:

• Chapter 1: Solid State
  This chapter covers crystallography, defects in solids, and types of solids, along with key equations and laws.

• Chapter 2: Solutions
  Focuses on the different types of solutions, their properties, and colligative properties, which are essential for understanding practical applications.

• Chapter 3: Electrochemistry
  Students learn about electrochemical cells, cell potential, and electrolysis, which are critical for both board exams and entrance tests.

• Chapter 4: Chemical Kinetics
  This chapter helps in understanding the rate of reaction, order of reaction, and Arrhenius equation, which are essential for solving numerical problems in competitive exams.

• Chapter 5: Surface Chemistry
  This chapter explains catalysis, adsorption, and colloids, which are fundamental to understanding the behavior of substances at the surface level.

• Organic Chemistry
  Organic Chemistry is one of the most challenging parts of Class 12 Chemistry, and the NCERT solutions provide detailed steps to tackle topics like Hydrocarbons, Biomolecules, and Polymers.

How to Use NCERT Solutions Effectively for Class 12 Chemistry

1. Understand the Concepts First: Before jumping to the solutions, make sure to thoroughly read and understand the theory behind the concepts in each chapter.

2. Solve Problems on Your Own: Attempt the exercises in the NCERT textbook without looking at the solutions. After completing them, refer to the NCERT solutions to check your answers and improve your mistakes.

3. Revise Regularly: Revision is key to mastering Chemistry. Go through the NCERT solutions frequently to reinforce the concepts.

4. Use Solutions for Doubt Clearance: Whenever you have doubts while solving problems, refer to the step-by-step solutions for better understanding.

Conclusion

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry are indispensable resources that offer students a structured and thorough approach to mastering Chemistry. By practicing these solutions, students not only enhance their knowledge of the subject but also develop the skills needed to score high marks in their CBSE board exams, as well as JEE and NEET. Make use of these solutions for focused practice, revision, and conceptual clarity to achieve academic success. Download the free NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry PDF and start your preparation today! solve the previous year's class 12 Chemistry. 

How to Score Good Marks on The CBSE Board with the Help of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry

To score good marks in chemistry, one must understand that chemistry needs a different approach to building concepts and scoring marks. The NCERT textbook is sufficient for the CBSE board exams, and it consists of all the relevant information, so it must be taken as the primary textbook for your preparation.

CBSE class 12^th chemistry consists of three parts, Inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, and physical chemistry,y and has almost equal weightage in the final exam in terms of questions asked on the board. To score good marks in the final exam, you need to have a very good comment in all three parts of chemistry. For organic, you need to have good concepts in the chapters taught in class 11, like hydrocarbons. To score good marks in chemistry, you need to have a very good understanding of organic reaction mechanisms and how the reaction takes place. Try to note down all important reagents and reactions with the required mechanism for the final revision.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry (Chapter-wise PDF)

• Chapter 1: The Solid State
• Chapter 2: Solutions
• Chapter 3: Electrochemistry
• Chapter 4: Chemical Kinetics
• Chapter 5: Surface Chemistry
• Chapter 6: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
• Chapter 7: The p-Block Elements
• Chapter 8: The d & f Block Elements
• Chapter 9: Coordination Compounds
• Chapter 10: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
• Chapter 11: Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
• Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids
• Chapter 13: Amines
• Chapter 14: Biomolecules
• Chapter 15: Polymers
• Chapter 16: Chemistry in Everyday Life

Tips to Score Good Marks in Physical Chemistry in Class 12

Physical Chemistry is often regarded as one of the most scoring yet challenging sections of Class 12 Chemistry. It requires a good understanding of concepts, problem-solving skills, and regular practice. If you're aiming to score good marks in Physical Chemistry, here are some effective tips to guide your preparation:

1. Build a Strong Foundation of Concepts

Physical Chemistry is based on fundamental concepts that interconnect across various topics. Before diving into solving problems, ensure that you have a clear understanding of the basic concepts such as:

• Moles and molar mass

• Atomic structure and bonding

• Gaseous state and laws of gases

• Thermodynamics

• Chemical kinetics

If you're unsure about any concept, revisit your NCERT textbook and refer to NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry for detailed explanations.

2. Focus on Important Chapters

Some chapters in Physical Chemistry carry more weight in the board exams and competitive exams like JEE and NEET. Focus on the following chapters:

• Chapter 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

• Chapter 2: Structure of Atom

• Chapter 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

• Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

• Chapter 5: States of Matter

• Chapter 6: Thermodynamics

• Chapter 7: Equilibrium

• Chapter 8: Redox Reactions

• Chapter 9: Hydrogen and its Compounds

• Chapter 10: S Block Elements

These chapters have a significant presence in exams, so allocate more time for mastering them.

3. Practice Numericals Regularly

Physical Chemistry involves solving numerical problems, especially in chapters like Thermodynamics, Chemical Kinetics, and Equilibrium. To improve your numerical problem-solving skills:

• Practice consistently from your NCERT textbook and reference books.

• Solve past year papers to get an idea of question patterns and difficulty level.

• Work on unit conversions, formulas, and practice calculations to speed up problem-solving during exams.

• Focus on mastering Stoichiometry, Molarity, Molality, and Ideal Gas Laws, as these are commonly tested.

4. Make Use of NCERT Solutions for Physical Chemistry

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry can be incredibly helpful for Physical Chemistry. These solutions provide:

• Step-by-step solutions to help you understand how to approach complex problems.

• Clarity on key derivations, which are important for exams.

• A thorough breakdown of important formulas and concepts that can be handy for quick revision.

Ensure that you don’t just memorize the solutions but understand the method behind each step so that you can apply it to different problems.

5. Revise Derivations and Formulas

Physical Chemistry involves various derivations and formulae, such as:

• First law of thermodynamics

• Ideal and non-ideal gas laws

• Rate laws in Chemical Kinetics

• Le Chatelier’s Principle

Make sure to revise these derivations frequently and understand the reasoning behind each one. Keep a separate formula notebook where you note down important formulae and concepts for quick revision.

6. Practice Sample Papers and Mock Tests

• Solve sample papers regularly to get an idea of the types of questions you may encounter during exams.

• Take mock tests to evaluate your performance, identify weak areas, and improve your time management skills.

• After completing each test, analyze the mistakes and work on those topics to avoid making similar errors in the future.

7. Focus on Conceptual Understanding, Not Just Memorization

While memorization plays a role, Physical Chemistry requires deep conceptual understanding. Don't just memorize equations and formulas; ensure you understand:

• Why a particular reaction happens (for example, understanding the reasoning behind chemical equilibrium).

• The significance of each variable in equations.

• How to apply principles from one chapter (like thermodynamics) to solve problems in other chapters (like chemical kinetics).

8. Stay Consistent and Regular

Consistency is key when it comes to mastering Physical Chemistry. Allocate dedicated time daily for:

• Reviewing theory

• Solving numericals

• Revising important derivations

Instead of cramming the entire syllabus at once, spread your study plan over several weeks to allow time for thorough understanding and practice.

9. Clear Doubts Immediately

Don’t let doubts accumulate over time. If you have trouble understanding a concept or solving a problem, clarify your doubts as soon as possible. You can ask your teachers, peers, or refer to online educational platforms for better clarity. You can also use NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry as a reference to clear your confusion.

10. Stay Calm and Confident During Exams

On exam day, it’s important to stay calm and confident. Follow these strategies:

• Read all the questions carefully before attempting them.

• Start with the questions you find easiest, then move on to the more difficult ones.

• Don’t spend too much time on a single question. If stuck, move on and come back to it later if time permits.

Conclusion

Scoring well in Physical Chemistry requires consistent effort, a strong understanding of fundamental concepts, and regular practice. By following the tips above—focusing on important chapters, practicing numericals, using NCERT Solutions, and staying organized—you can improve your performance and excel in exams. Keep a positive attitude, manage your time wisely, and soon you’ll find yourself achieving great results in Physical Chemistry!

How to Use NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry in Inorganic Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry in Class 12 covers a wide range of topics, from p-block elements, d-block elements, coordination compounds, and f-block elements to industrial processes. Mastering Inorganic Chemistry can be challenging for many students, but using NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry can significantly enhance your understanding and help you score better in your exams. Here’s how to use these solutions effectively:

1. Build a Strong Foundation with the Theory

Before you start solving problems, it’s important to understand the concepts and theory behind Inorganic Chemistry topics. Inorganic Chemistry deals with the properties, reactions, and structures of inorganic compounds.

• Read the chapters thoroughly: Start by carefully reading the chapters in your NCERT textbook. Make sure you understand the basic concepts such as the electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical bonding, and nature of coordination compounds.

• Understand key concepts: Topics like chemical bonding, coordination compounds, isomerism, and oxidation states are crucial in Inorganic Chemistry. Take your time to learn these fundamental concepts.

• Make notes: While reading the theory, make concise notes that highlight important definitions, laws, trends, and principles. Keep these notes handy when revising or solving questions.

2. Solve the NCERT Exercises to Test Your Understanding

Once you have read through the theory, the next step is to check your understanding by solving the exercises at the end of each chapter. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry provide detailed answers to all the textbook questions, which are extremely helpful when practicing.

• Work through the questions independently first: Try to solve all the problems on your own before looking at the solutions. This will help you assess how well you've understood the concepts.

• Refer to the NCERT solutions: After attempting the questions, use the NCERT Solutions to check your answers and understand the solution steps. Pay attention to the step-by-step explanations and the methods used to solve different types of problems.

• Clarify doubts: If you’re unable to solve a question or concept, go through the solution carefully to understand where you went wrong. If necessary, refer to additional resources to clear your doubts.

3. Focus on Important Topics in Inorganic Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry involves various chapters, and some of them carry more weight in the exams. Focus on the following key chapters, which are vital for both board exams and competitive exams like JEE and NEET:

• Chapter 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
  This chapter lays the groundwork for Inorganic Chemistry. Ensure you understand concepts like molarity, molality, and stoichiometry.

• Chapter 9: p-block Elements
  The p-block elements are essential to Inorganic Chemistry, covering topics like group trends, properties of halogens, noble gases, and boron family. Focus on understanding periodic trends and exceptions.

• Chapter 10: d- and f-block Elements
  In this chapter, study the properties of transition metals, lanthanides, actinides, and their reactions. Pay attention to the variability in oxidation states and color, magnetism, and complex formation.

• Chapter 11: Coordination Compounds
  This is one of the most important chapters in Inorganic Chemistry. It involves topics like ligands, coordination numbers, isomerism, and nomenclature. Solve as many practice questions as possible from this chapter.

• Chapter 12: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
  Though this chapter primarily focuses on organic chemistry, it involves discussions on electrophilic substitution in the context of haloarenes.

4. Understand Derivations and Reactions

Inorganic Chemistry often involves derivations and reactions that are fundamental to understanding the properties of different compounds. For example, the preparation of salts, reactions of transition elements, and coordination number rules are important to know.

• Learn key derivations: Derivations like lanthanide contraction, transition element properties, and complex formation are crucial. Ensure you understand how these derivations work rather than memorizing them.

• Practice chemical reactions: Inorganic chemistry involves a lot of chemical reactions and equations. Practice writing the reactions, and be sure to know the products and the conditions under which reactions take place.

• Use NCERT solutions to understand reaction mechanisms: Many questions in NCERT Solutions deal with reaction mechanisms of transition metals and coordination compounds. Understanding these mechanisms and their relevance in lab-based processes is critical.

5. Use NCERT Solutions for Quick Revision

Before exams, it’s essential to revise all the key concepts, reactions, and formulas. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry act as a perfect revision tool. Here’s how to use them effectively:

• Review solved problems: Go through all the solved problems and derivations. Try to solve them without looking at the solutions to test your understanding. Use the solutions only if you get stuck.

• Focus on important questions: The NCERT Solutions highlight important questions that are likely to appear in the exams. Prioritize these questions during your revision.

• Revisit tricky topics: If there are any topics that you found difficult, spend extra time revising them with the help of the solutions. This will reinforce your understanding and boost your confidence.

6. Practice with Previous Year Papers

Inorganic Chemistry is often tested in exams through both theoretical questions and practical applications. To get an idea of the types of questions, solve previous year’s papers, especially focusing on the questions that involve the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds.

• Identify recurring questions: By solving previous year papers, you’ll notice patterns in the types of questions that appear frequently in exams. Practice solving these questions, using the NCERT Solutions to check your accuracy.

• Improve time management: Solving past papers will also help you manage time effectively during exams. This will make you more confident when you face real exam questions.

Chapter-Wise Brief Introduction of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 1: The Solid State

Solid-state is a very interesting chapter of class 12 physical chemistry it consists of details about the solids and their structure. You are going to learn about the types of brave lattices and type of voids, and how to write the formulas and their structures. Numerical are very simple and consist of questions based on density and packing fractions. It’s a concept-based chapter and needs an understanding of the crystals.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 2: Solutions

This is the second chapter of class 12 chemistry and consists of two parts in the first part you will learn about what is vapours pressure and the results law and how to calculate the vapours pressure of solutions and two liquids when mixed and in the second part, you will learn about the colligative properties and application of vants Hoff factor in numerical. NCERT textbook consists of numerals from all concepts to solve these questions given in the exercise.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 3: Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry is one of the largest chapters of class 12 chemistry, and it consists of three parts: electrolysis, electrolytic cell, and conductance. Students will learn about how cells work and how we convert chemical reactions to electric energy. For CBSE class 12 chemistry, this chapter is very important. Do revise all the formulas used and written in the NCERT textbook before solving the questions given in the exercise. Solve the NCERT exercise of electrochemistry with the help of NCERT solutions for class 12 chemistry.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 4: Chemical Kinetics

Chemical kinetics needs the basics of maths so before going to prepare this chapter, make sure you must revise properly integration and other chapter of maths. You are going to learn 1^st order reaction and its application, rate, and rate constant is being taught in this chapter with the application of graphs. Lots of numerical formulas will be there. Make sure you have prepared good notes for this chapter and gone through the entire theory given in the NCERT textbook.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 5: Surface Chemistry

Surface chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of phenomena occurring at the surface separating the two bulk phases. These two bulk phases can be pure compounds or solutions.

Adsorption: The phenomenon of attracting and retaining the molecules of a substance on the surface of a liquid or a solid, resulting in a higher concentration of molecules on the surface, is called adsorption. The substance thus adsorbed on the surface is called the adsorbate, and the substance on which it is adsorbed is called adsorbent. The reverse process, i.e. removal of the adsorbed substance from the surface, is called desorption (which can be brought about by heating or reducing the pressure). The adsorption of gases on the surface of metals is called occlusion.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 6: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

The whole process of obtaining a pure metal from one of its ores is known as metallurgy. To extract the metal from ores, several physical and chemical methods are used. The method used depends upon the nature of the ore, the properties of the metal, and the local conditions. Thus, it is not possible to have a universal method for the extraction of all the metals from their ores. However, the metallurgy of a metal involves three main operations:

1. Concentration or Dressing
2. Reduction
3. Purification or Refining

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 7: The p-Block Elements

The chapters covered in these sections are

• Elements of group 13 are called the Boron family (₅B, ₁₃Al, ₃₁Ga, ₄₉In, ₈₁Tl, ₁₁₃Uut).
• Elements of group 14 are called the Carbon family (₈C, ₁₄Si, ₃₂Ge, ₅₀Sn, ₈₂Pb, ₁₁₅Uup).
• Elements of group 15 are called the Nitrogen family (₇N, ₁₅P, ₃₃As, ₅₁Sb, ₈₃Bi).
• Elements of group 16 are called Chalcogens (₈O, ₁₆S, ₃₄Se, ₅₂Te, ₈₄Po).
• Elements of group 17 are called Halogens (₉F, ₁₇Cl, ₃₅Br, ₅₃I, ₈₅At).
• Elements of group 18 are called Noble gases (₂He, ₁₀Ne, ₁₈Ar, ₃₆Kr, ₅₄Xe, ₈₆Rn).

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 8: The d & f Block Elements

In the periodic table, the block elements are placed between block and block elements. These are called transition elements because they show a gradual gradation in periodic properties. The transition elements are mainly those elements that either in the atomic or ionic state contain partially filled subshells. It must be noted that the elements of group 12 (Zn, Cd, and Hg) have filled subshells in atomic as well as ionic form, so they do not truly represent transition elements. Moreover, they also do not exhibit general properties of transition elements like variable oxidation states, coloured compounds, formation of complex compounds etc. However, they are studied with transition elements just to maintain the status of the periodic table. Further, it must be noted that the elements of group 3 (Sc, Y, La, and Ac) differ in their properties from those of other transition elements (they are uniformly trivalent, diamagnetic, and colorless).

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 9: Coordination Compounds

Transition metal ions have a great tendency to form complexes with other molecules or ions (which can donate a pair of electrons to form a coordinate bond) called ligands. This property of formation of complexes is due to vacant d-orbitals (which can accept electron pair) and high nuclear charge with small size, which facilitates the acceptance of electrons from the ligands. The complexes of transition elements of small size are more stable as compared to those of large-size elements in a particular series with the same oxidation state. If the oxidation state is different for the same metal, then the complex with a greater oxidation state of the central metal will be more stable.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chapter 10: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

This chapter is the first chapter of organic chemistry in class 12 chemistry, and you are going to cover several important reaction mechanisms in this chapter, like SN reaction and its use.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chapter 11: Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

If it is asked to pick up ten aliphatic compounds and with them to be stranded on a desert island, you choose only alcohols. Why – because you could make nearly every other kind of aliphatic compound from them and a host of others. On your desert island, you would use your alcohols not only as raw material but also as a solvent in which the reactions are carried out and the products are recrystallized. Not only this if you are tired after a day-long experiment, get refreshed with (isopropyl) alcohol rub and perhaps relax over a cool (ethyl) alcoholic drink.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids

Aldehydes and ketones are the compounds containing a carbonyl group, >C=O, in which a carbon atom is linked to an oxygen atom by a double bond. They have the same general formula C_nH_2nO. The general structure of aldehydes and that of ketones is where R and R¢ may be the same or different. Formaldehyde represents the simplest aldehyde in which the carbonyl group is attached to two hydrogen atoms, i.e., Formaldehyde is exceptional in that the carbonyl group carries two hydrogen atoms and no alkyl substituents. It is, therefore, not surprising that it displays characteristic properties.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 13: Amines

Amines play a vital role in medicinal chemistry. As our body has a lot of amino acids, these amines help in the regulation of our body. It is also believed that vitamins were named keeping vital amines in mind (though many vitamins don't have nitrogen at all). Similarly, to produce several synthetic dyes and pigments, amines are used. Therefore, the amines are very important in our everyday life. Let us see how this is.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 14: Biomolecules

Carbohydrates (hydrates of carbon) are naturally occurring organic compounds having the general formula C_x(H₂O)_y, which are constantly produced and assimilated in nature and take part in many important biochemical reactions. However, several compounds having general formulas such as that of carbohydrates have been synthesized. There are many compounds that are carbohydrates by chemical behaviour but do not conform to the general formula. For example, 2-deoxyribose, C₅H₁₀O₄ is a carbohydrate by chemical reaction but does not conform to the general formula. All the carbohydrates are optically active. So, carbohydrates are now defined as the polyhydroxy carbonyl compounds, which give polyhydroxy carbonyl compounds on hydrolysis. Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones that have an OH bonded to each of the carbon other than the C=O group. 

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 15: Polymers

Polymers are compounds of very high molecular masses formed by the combination of a large number of simple molecules. The simple molecules that combine to give polymers are called monomers. The process by which the simple molecules (i.e. monomers) are converted into polymers is called polymerization.

Example: Polyethylene. All polymers are macromolecules, but all macromolecules are not polymers because polymers consist of repeating units of monomer e.g., chlorophyll is a macromolecule but not a polymer.

Chapter 16: Chemistry in Everyday Life

Learn the fundamentals to chemistry, which you use in daily life, it is again an important chapter of class 12 chemistry.

CBSE Marking Scheme

Class 12 is an important year of a student's academic life. Based on the marks in class 12, several universities take admission. To score good marks in CBSE class 12, one must understand the pattern of the exam and the weightage of the topic and then start preparing from the NCERT textbook.  

The term I CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus Course Structure

Term II CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus Course Structure

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Academic Resources