The botanical name is the scientific name of plants, algae, and fungi, as per the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN). The botanical name for the rose is Rosa. There are over 360 species of roses, all of which have multiple soft petals and stems with thorns. Roses come in various colors and are used for perfumes, ornamentals, and landscaping.
Description
The Rosaceae family includes woody trees, shrubs, climbers, or herbaceous plants, mainly perennials.
Leaves
Leaves are usually spirally arranged, simple or pinnately compound, and present in about 30 genera. They have paired stipules and often serrate margins with extrafloral nectaries and midrib spines on leaflets.
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Flowers
Rosaceae family flowers are "showy," radially symmetrical, and hermaphroditic, with five sepals, five petals, and spirally arranged stamens. Sepals, petals, and stamens fuse to form a cup-like hypanthium. The family lacks blue petals.
Fruits and Seeds
The fruits vary, including follicles, capsules, nuts, achenes, drupes, and accessory fruits like apples or rose hips. While the fruits are edible, seeds contain amygdalin, which can release cyanide if the seed is damaged.
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Classification of Rose
| Kingdom | Plantae |
|---|---|
| Division | Tracheophytes |
| Class | Angiosperms |
| Order | Rosales |
| Family | Rosaceae |
| Genus | Rosa |
Taxonomy History
The Rosaceae family is divided into several subfamilies and tribes:
- Subfamilies: Rosoideae, Spiraeoideae, Maloideae (Pomoideae), Amygdaloideae (Prunoideae), Neuradoideae, Chrysobalanoideae.
- Recognized Clades: Includes rose, Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Fragaria (strawberry), Potentilla, Geum, apple, Cotoneaster, Crataegus.
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Popular Rose Species
- Rosa grandiflora
- Rosa bonica
- Rosa floribunda
- Rosa gallicanae
- Rosa pimpinellifolia
- Rosa pinetorum
Uses of Roses
Roses are widely used for ornamental purposes, perfumes, and even food and drink.
Ornamental Plants
Most ornamental roses are hybrids grown for their attractive and scented foliage, thorns, or fruit. Thousands of rose hybrids and cultivars have been developed over millennia for garden use.
Cut Flowers
Roses are popular as cut flowers, harvested in the bud and stored under refrigerated conditions. Some roses are dyed artificially.
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Perfume
Rose perfumes are made from the volatile essential oils of rose petals, used in cooking, cosmetics, medicine, and religious practices.
Food and Drink
Rose hips are rich in vitamin C, edible raw, or used in jams, jellies, soups, and teas. Rosehip oil is used in skin products and cosmetics.
Frequently Asked Questions
The botanical name of the rose is Rosa.
Three popular species of roses are Rosa gallicanae, Rosa pimpinellifolia, and Rosa pinetorum.
Roses belong to the class Angiosperms.
Roses are used for making perfumes, ornamental purposes, and landscaping due to their various colors.