In this article, we'll explore the botanical name of coffee, which is Coffea (genus). While there are several species within this genus, the primary ones cultivated for coffee production are Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. Approximately 60–80% of the world's coffee production comes from Coffea arabica, and 20–40% from Coffea canephora.
Coffea arabica, known for its sweeter flavor, contains less caffeine compared to Coffea canephora. Both species originate from Sub-Saharan Africa's central and western regions. Coffea canephora is more disease-resistant, bitter, and less acidic than C. arabica.
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This article will cover the cultivation, production, species, processing, benefits, and drawbacks of coffee.
Coffea arabica is a widely cultivated coffee plant known for its aromatic and flavorful beans. It thrives in subtropical climates and is typically found at elevations between 2000 and 6500 feet. The main regions producing Coffea arabica and other coffee varieties are Latin America and Eastern Africa.
There are over 100 species of coffee plants globally, but Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora (Robusta) are the most popular.
Coffee cultivation varies, but a common method involves planting 20 seeds in each hole during the rainy season. Brazil, the largest coffee producer, often raises seedlings in nurseries before transplanting them outdoors. Coffee is frequently intercropped with other crops in the early years.
In 2020, Brazil produced 39% of the world's green coffee beans, followed by Vietnam, Colombia, and Indonesia.
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Over 900 species of insects are known to attack coffee plantations, with beetles being the most common. The coffee borer beetle is particularly destructive, damaging up to 50% of coffee berries in many producing countries.
Coffee processing involves several steps:
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Yes, a cup of coffee typically has around 95 milligrams of caffeine. The amount of caffeine remains consistent regardless of the brewing method, whether it's a 30ml espresso or a 250ml filter coffee. However, the flavor concentration will vary.
No, both dark and light roasts contain roughly the same amount of caffeine. The roasting process does not reach temperatures high enough to affect the caffeine content.
Generally, coffee has more caffeine than tea. Black tea, which has the highest caffeine content among teas, still has about half the amount of caffeine compared to coffee.
Black coffee has no calories. However, adding 250ml of full-fat milk adds about 100 calories. So, a flat white with 30ml of espresso and 140ml of full-fat milk has about 60 calories, or around 70 calories if made with a milk substitute like oat milk.
Brazil is the largest producer of coffee, contributing about 40% of the world's coffee. Following Brazil are Vietnam, Colombia, Indonesia, Ethiopia, Honduras, India, Uganda, Mexico, and Guatemala.