Birth control, also known as contraception, involves practices aimed at preventing unintended pregnancies and reducing the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It plays a crucial role in managing population growth by limiting unwanted births and maintaining sexual health.
Also Read: Vegetative Propagation
Types of Contraceptives
Contraceptives are devices or methods used to prevent pregnancy. They can be classified into several types:
-
Traditional Methods
- Periodic Abstinence: Avoiding sexual activity during the woman's fertile window (typically days 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle).
- Withdrawal Method: The male partner withdraws before ejaculation to prevent semen from entering the woman's reproductive tract.
- Lactational Amenorrhea: Postpartum breastfeeding that naturally delays the return of fertility for about six months.
-
Barrier Methods
- Condoms: Used by males or females to block sperm entry. In India, condoms are widely distributed under the government's family planning initiative.
- Cervical Caps and Diaphragms: Reusable devices used with spermicidal agents to enhance effectiveness.
-
Hormonal Methods
- Oral Contraceptives: Pills containing hormones taken daily to prevent ovulation.
- Injectables and Implants: Long-lasting hormonal methods providing extended protection.
-
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)
- Non-medicated IUDs: Create an inhospitable environment for sperm through a local inflammatory response.
- Copper IUDs: Release copper to impair sperm function.
- Hormonal IUDs: Alter the uterine lining and cervical mucus to prevent pregnancy.
-
Surgical Methods
- Vasectomy: A procedure where the male vas deferens are sealed to prevent sperm release.
- Tubectomy: Female sterilization by cutting and tying the fallopian tubes.
Also Check: Nutrition in Plants
Characteristics of an Effective Contraceptive
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Economical | Affordable cost |
| Easy to Use | Simple application or administration |
| Safe | Low risk of health issues |
| Effective | High success rate in preventing pregnancy |
| Minimal Side Effects | Few or no adverse health effects |
| Reversible | Ability to restore fertility |
| Non-intrusive | Does not affect sexual desire or performance |
| Accessibility | Available to a broad audience |
Contraceptive choices depend on individual health needs, ease of use, cost, and personal preference. By understanding and using these methods effectively, individuals can maintain both their reproductive health and sexual well-being.
Also Check: Human Reproductive System
Frequently Asked Questions
Birth control involves various methods and devices used to prevent unintended pregnancies.
Traditional methods include breastfeeding as birth control (lactational amenorrhea), withdrawal before ejaculation (coitus interruptus), and timing intercourse to avoid fertile days (periodic abstinence). These methods rely on timing and are less reliable than modern methods.
IUDs work in different ways depending on their type. Non-medicated IUDs enhance the natural immune response to destroy sperm. Copper IUDs release copper, which reduces the vitality and movement of sperm. Hormonal IUDs alter the lining of the uterus, making it unsuitable for a fertilized egg to implant.
Surgical methods include vasectomy, where the tubes carrying sperm from the testicles are cut and sealed, and tubectomy, where the fallopian tubes are sealed or removed. These methods are highly effective but usually permanent.
Saheli is a contraceptive pill developed by CDRI in Lucknow that doesn't contain steroids. It's taken weekly and is highly effective at preventing pregnancy with minimal side effects.