CUET History Chapter 13 Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement Civil Disobedience and Beyond

Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi is known as father of nation as he played stellar role in India’s freedom struggle.

Explanation: His real name was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. The Mahatma came to be associated with his name later.

Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, at Porbander in Gujarat.

Explanation: In 1893, Gandhi accepted a year long contract from an Indian firm to a post in Natal, South Africa.

Explanation: Gandhi was primarily introduced to Indian issues, politics and the Indian people by Gopal Krishna Gokhley and was regarded by him as his guru.

Explanation: In January 1915, Gandhi returned to his home land after two decades of residence abroad.

Explanation: BHU stands for Banaras Hindu university is a premier central university located in Varanasi.

Explanation: On 4^th February, 1916 lord Harding, the then governor general and viceroy laid the foundation stone of the university.

Explanation:Kheda is a town in the state Gujarat 35 Km from Ahmedabad.

Explanation: Champaran movement was launched against indigo cultivation, in 1917 by Gandhi.

Explanation: Peasant movement in Kheda was launched 1918 against the extreme poverty, unhygienic conditions and heavy taxes levied upon the peasants.

Explanation: Champaran district is located in Bihar.

Explanation: Lal, Bal Pal were Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal. They were the Swadeshi triumvirate who advocated the Swadeshi movement.

Explanation: Gandhi gave his first major public appearance at the opening function of BHU where he spoke about the lack of concern among the elites for the laboring poor.

Explanation: Khilafat movement was a political campaign launched in 1919 by Muslims in South Asia to influence the British government and to protect the ottoman empire during the aftermath of world war I.

Explanation: Mualana Mohammed Ali and his brother Shaukat Ali famously known as Ali brothers along with other Muslim leaders formed the Khilafat committee and led the Khilafat movement in India.

Explanation: In 1915 when Gandhi returned India had undergone many changes since the time he left. Therefore, Gopal Krishna Gokhley advised him to travel around India for a year, getting to understand the land, its people, their issues and life.

Explanation: During its Lahore session in 1929, congress adopted the resolution of complete independence for India as its goal. The Indian tricolour was hoisted on 1 January 1930 and 26 January 1930 was celebrated as the first Indian Independence Day.

Explanation: The Rowlatt act was a law was passed in march 1919, indefinitely extending emergency measures enacted during Ist world war. Against this on April 6 1919, Gandhi along with others started Satyagrah.

Explanation: The non-cooperation movement was the first ever series of nationwide people’s movement of nonviolent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi and other congress leaders and took place from September 1920 until 1922

Explanation: The salt satyagrah also known as Dandi march was a non-violent protest by Gandhi against the British monopoly over the salt trade in India and the salt taxes in colonial India.

Ho along with his followers marched to dandi to break the salt law and make salt on his own.

Explanation: Sabarmati ashram located on the remote areas of Sabarmati on the western banks of the Sabarmati river was founded by Gandhi ands is also known as Gandhi ashram.

Explanation: Harijan means people of god and was the name given to the so called untouchables in the Indian caste system during his movement for their upliftment.

Explanation: The Dandi march started from Sabarmati ashram against the salt law lasted from March 12, 1930 to April 6, 1930.

Explanation: Civil Disobedience Movement launched in 1930 under MK Gandhi's leadership was one of the most important phases of India's freedom struggle.

Explanation: Congress along with all its leaders kept away from the first round table conference and was opened on November 13 1930. it was attended by the Muslim leaders, Hindu mahasabha leaders, liberals and princely states’ rulers.

Explanation: Gandhi- Irwin pact refers to a political agreement signed by mahatma Gandhi and the then viceroy of India, lord Irwin on 5^th march 1931.

Explanation: During its Lahore session in 1929, congress adopted the resolution of complete independence for India as its goal and hoisted the flag on 1^st January 1930

Explanation: The historical Lahore session where the resolution for Purna Swaraj was passed, was held in 1930.

Explanation: The Lahore session where Purna Swaraj was accepted was presided over by Mahatma Gandhi.

Explanation: Non co-operation movement was withdrawn in February 1922 after a violent clash in the town of Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh.

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Explanation: The second round table congress was held in London in the latter part 1931, which was attended by Gandhi as the representative of congress.

Explanation: Lal Bal Pal was the trio that organized the extremist group in the congress.

Explanation: In 1906 congress was split into two because of the ideological difference between the extremist group led by Tilak and the group of moderates led by Gopal Krishan Gokhley.

Explanation: In 1937, two years after the government of India act 1935, in an election held based on restrictive franchise, the congress won 8 out of the 11 provinces.

Explanation: In September 1939, the congress ,after the II world war broke out, proposed to support the Britishers against the Nazis if they in turn promise to grant complete independence to India once hostilities end. When this proposal was rejected, congress resigned in October 1939.

Explanation: Lord Linlithgow served as the viceroy of India from 1936 to 1943.

Explanation: Swadeshi Movement was launched in 1905-1907.

Explanation: On 23 March 1940, Muslim league passed a resolution committing itself to the creation of a separate state of Pakistan.

Explanation: After the failure of Cripps mission, in 1942 mahatma Gandhi launched a mass movement known as, Quit India movement that demanded the complete withdrawal of Britishers from India.

Explanation: In 1935 a new Government of India act was passed that promised some form of representative government and consequently elections were held in 1937.

Explanation: Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on 13 April 1919 in Amritsar, Punjab under the command of British General Dyer.

Explanation: The Second World War broke out in 1939 and went on until 1945.

Explanation: Mahatama Ghandi in gave Sardar title to Vallbh Bhai Patel

Explanation: In December 1922, Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party with Das as the president and Nehru as one of the secretaries.

Explanation: The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, also known as the Amritsar Massacre was named after Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on April 13, 1919 under the command of General Reginald Dyer. Under his command, the British Indian Army soldiers opened fire on an unarmed gathering of man, women and children.

Explanation: The non-cooperation movement was suspended in 1922 when 15 policemen were hacked to death and a police station set on fire by a nationalist mob in Chauri Chaura.

Explanation: Annie Besant was the first lady President of Congress. She became the President of India in 1917.

Explanation: On 15 August 1947, Gandhi was in Calcutta but he did not attend any function or hoist a flag but marked the day with 24 hours fast.

Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948, shot by Nathuram Godse. He was an activist of the Hindu nationalist Hindu Mahasabha.