CUET History Chapter 12 Colonial Cities Urbanisation, Planning and Architecture

Explanation: Madras, Bombay and Calcutta were the three big colonial cities of India as they were the centers of most of the economic activities of English east India company.

Explanation: One of the most common and noticed feature of the cities founded by Britishers is there location near the major rivers, that is in the coastal areas.

Explanation: The three big colonial cities were originally fishing and weaving villages.

Explanation: The French establishes their trading company’s centre in Pondicherry.

Explanation: East India Company’s agents settled in madras in 1939 after constructing trading post in madraspatam. The settlement was locally known as chenapattanam.

Explanation: Gerald aungier was the governor of Bombay and played a major role in the development of the city.

Explanation: The arrival of the British East India Company in 1690, when the company was consolidating its trade business in Bengal.

Explanation: Bombay was given to the east India company by the English king who in turn had got it from king of Portugal as a part of his wife’s dowry.

Explanation: The first railway line was opened between Bombay and a suburban city town called Thane in 1853.

Explanation: Fatehpur Sikri, Ajmer and Jodhpur are the three important centre of imperial administration and control.

Explanation: Shahjahan founded Shahjahanabad, and thus it was named on the name of Shahjahan.

Explanation: Mirza Ghalib was a most famous Urdu poet.

Explanation: Gangadhar was the grandfather of Jawaharlal Nehru.

Explanation: Portuguese set up their base in Panji in 1510. The Portuguese established their trading company’s base in Panji.

Explanation: The Dutch established their trading company’s base in Masulipatnam in 1605.

Explanation: Ganj refers to a small fixed market, from where local people can fulfill their demands as well as sell their goods,

Explanation: The battle of Plassey took place on June 23, 1757 at Palashi, west Bengal on the banks of the Bhagirathi River.

Explanation: The opponents in the battle of Plassey were Siraj Ud Daulah, the last independent Nawab of Bengal and the east India company. Nawab was defeated in the battle the entire province of Bengal fell to the company.

Explanation: Gangadhar Nehru was the kotwal of Delhi before 1857.

Explanation: Binodini Das was also known as Notee Binodini and was a Calcutta based Bengali speaking actress.

Explanation: She was a pioneering figure in Bengali theatre and as a leading actress was passionately devoted to the development of theatre in Bengal.

Explanation: Binodini dasi was one of the first south Asian actresses to write her autobiography and it was named as ‘Amar Katha’.

Explanation: The British discovered Shimla in 1819 after the Gurkha war. At that time, it was known for the temple of Hindu goddess Shyamala Devi.

Explanation: Pitched roof is a term used by architects to describe a sloping roof. By the early twentieth century, pitched roofs become less common.

Explanation: Basti in Bengali and in Hindi originally meant neighborhood or settlement. In the late nineteenth century ‘busties’ and in sanitary slums become synonymous in British records.

Explanation: On March 23, 1774, the British Parliament formed the first supreme court at Calcutta with Sir Elijah Impey as the chief justice.

Explanation: In 1702 the British completed their construction of fort William which was used to station its troops and as a regional base. Faced with skirmishes with French forces in 1756 they began to upgrade their fortifications.

Explanation: Calcutta was named the capital of British India in 1772 although the capital shifted to hilly town of simla during the summer months every year starting from 1864.

Explanation: Kolkatta became the centre of the Indian independence movement as well as underwent partition in 1905 on communal grounds resulting in widespread agitation. All these activities along with the disadvantageous location of Kolkatta in the eastern fringes in India, prompted the British to shift their capital to Delhi in 1911.

Explanation: The colonial cities were dual cities divided into black and white towns that referred to different localities for Europeans and Indians, in term of density, architecture, layout and life style.

Explanation: In colonial India the percentage of urban population to the total population was 12.8%.

Explanation: Fort William was the fort built by the British Raj in Calcutta on the eastern banks of Hooghly River. It was named after the King William III of England.

Explanation: On February 4 1673 Bellanger, a French officer, took up residence in the Danish Lodge in Pondicherry and the French period of Pondicherry began. In 1674 Francois Martin, the first governor, started to build Pondicherry and transformed it from a small fishing village into a flourishing port town.

Explanation: The fort saint George was built by the east India Company in 1639-40. it was one of the first English establishments in India.

Explanation: With the establishing of cotton mill, the opening of Suez canal in 1869 and the great Indian peninsular railways facilitating the travel within India Mumbai became the commercial capital of colonial India with the exports specially cotton from Bombay forming the major part of colonial economy.

Explanation: The universities in the three presidencies of India were established in 1857. They were one of the first educational institutions established in India by the British following the sir Charles woods’ dispatch on education in 1854.

Explanation: Viceroy john Lawrence succeeded lord Elgin and moved his council to simla, which was a hill station.

Explanation: In 1857 first spinning and weaving mill was established in Mumbai creating a cotton textile industry that was given a boost by the American civil war.

Explanation: Chintadripet was one of the caste specific neighbourhoods in the black town of madras meant for the weavers.

Explanation: In the black town of madras there were caste specific neighborhoods one of which was Royapuram that referred to Christian boatmen working for the company.

Explanation: The gurkha war also called the Anglo-Nepalese war was fought between Neola and British east India company as a result of border tensions and ambitious expansionism. This war led to their interest in simla.

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Explanation: Pet is a Tamil word meaning settlement.

Explanation: Rivalry with the French east India Company made the Britishers insecure and led them to fortify madras.

The third Maratha- Anlglo war in 181 was a final and decisive war between British east India company and the Marathas that left the company in control of most of the country. Rajasthan was also taken by the company during the same period and raised their interest in Mount Abu.

Explanation: ‘Saracen’ term was used for those who professed islam. In Christian literature the term means those not from ‘Sarah’. Sarah is the wife of Abraham as described in Quran.

Explanation: In 1817 the planning of the town Calcutta was carried out by Lottery committee, which was named so it raised the funds town improvement and development through lotteries.

Explanation: it was due to the insistence of Madras Chamber of commerce that the work for building Madras harbor started in 1876 and was finished in 1881,

Explanation: The people of Holland were known as Dutch.

Explanation: Surat, Masulipatnam and Dhaka grew as the important commercial centres in the seventeenth century but declined after trade shifted to other places.