CUET History Chapter 10 Colonialism and the Countryside: Exploring Official Archives

Explanation: Augustus Cleveland was the collector of Bhagalpur. It was located in the Behar province of Bengal.

Explanation: The Royatwari system was instituted in some parts of British India. This system was used to collect revenues from the cultivators of agricultural land. Under this system, land was surveyed in every 30 years.

Explanation: Amlah was an officer of zamindar who use to visit village at time of rent collection.

Explanation: Sidhu Manjhi was the leader of Santhal rebellion. On 30^th June 1855 Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu, mobilized ten thousand Santhals and declared a rebellion against British colonists.

Explanation: The settlement was introduced in Bombay Deccan in 1820s. It is also known as Ryotwari system. In this system, the revenue was directly settled with the ryots. The average income from different types of soil was estimated, the revenue paying capacity of the ryots was assessed and proportions of it fixed as the share of the state.

Explanation: The Santhal rebellion was a native rebellion in eastern India against both the British rule and upper caste zamindar. It lasted from 1855-1856 before being crushed by troops loyal to the British rule.

Explanation: It was an agreement between the East India Company and landlords of Bengal with far-reaching consequences for both agricultural methods and productivity in the entire Empire and the political realities of the Indian countryside. It was concluded in 1793, by the company administration headed by Lord Cornwallis.

Explanation: This report was presented on 1878. this report was on the Deccan Riots of 1875 in the Pune, Satara and Nagar districts of Maharashtra to obtain and destroy the bonds, decrees, and other documents in the possession of the moneylenders.

Explanation: Francis Buchanan was a physician who came to India and served in Bengal Medical Service from 1794 to 1815.

Explanation: In India cotton boom begin in 1861. The American Civil War broke out in 1861. A wave of panic spread through cotton circles in Britain, raw cotton imports from American fell to less than three percent of the normal in 1861. Frantic messages were sent to India and elsewhere to increase cotton experts to Britain. Many cotton experts of Bombay visited the cotton districts to assess supplies and encourage cultivation.

Explanation: In 1760, three large and resourceful districts of Bengal (Burdwan, Midnapur and Chittagong) were acquired. The Diwani of revenue administration of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa was acquired in 1765. From 1765 to 1772, on the behalf of the company, Syed Muhammad Reza Khan managed Diwani administration.

Explanation: The literal meaning of Lathyal is the one who wields the lathi or stick, functioned as a strongman of the Zamindar.

Explanation: Regulating Act by British Parliament was passed in 1773. This act was to curb the company traders unrestrained commercial activities and to bring about some order in territories under company control.

Explanation: A Sahukar was someone who acted as both a moneylender and a trader.

Explanation: Village headmen’s are called as Jotedars. They controlled local trade as well as money lending.

Explanation: He helped the British during the santhal rebellion and the !857 revolt both. For this he was rewarded with the grant of a coat of arms in 1868 and the right to a personal salute of 13 guns in 1877. He also helped the East India Company against the Indian rebellions.

Explanation: The Fifth Report was submitted to the British Parliament in 1813. It was the fifth of a series of reports on the administration and activities of the East India Company in India.

Explanation: Jotedars was a rich class of rich peasants. They were rich peasants having acquire vast area of land.

Explanation: A Rentier is an individual who depends on income derived from rents, which in turn are defined as “a reward for ownership of all natural resources” or the “income derived from the gift of nature”.

Explanation: Till 1832, a large area of land was demarcated as Darmin-i-koh.

Explanation: Izredari was a system of auction of land estates, which was introduced in the last position of the 18^th century by the East India Company.

Explanation: Raja was a term that generally used to designate powerful Zamindars. They were responsible for paying revenue to the company and distributing the revenue demand over villages.

Explanation: Colonial rule was first established in Bengal when company funded soldiers commanded by Robert Clive defeated the Nawab of Bengal-Siraj Ud Daulah at the Battle of Plassey in 1757.

Explanation: According to revenue records, in the late eighteenth century Paharias lived around the Rajmahal hills, subsisting on forest produce and practicing shifting cultivation.

Explanation: The Jotedars were more powerful in rural areas of North Bengal.

Explanation: The demands of Britishers, miserable position of the ryots and rise of Jotedars as powerful figure, all these factors in combine forced many of Zamindaris auctioned after the permanent settlement.

Explanation: Istanarari settlement is also known as the Permanent settlement. It was mainly introduced in the Bengal.

Explanation: Ryotwari system was first introduced in Madras, later it was extended to Mumbai area.

Explanation: The official sources can’t be used for writing about the history of peasants as they are not only biased but also invaluable sources.

Explanation: All the mentioned sources are the helpful in writing about the histories of the Rajmahal hill area.

Explanation: The Under ryots were officials under Ryots and thus they paid rent to the Ryots.

Explanation: The rapid fall in the prices of agricultural product, begin in 1820s as the result extreme harsh revenue demands of Britishers that led to the collapse of farmers economy.

Explanation: The life span of Maharaja Mehtab Chand was 1820-1879. He was born in 1820 and ruled from 1832-1879.

Explanations: Bengal was divided into the Hindu majority West Bengal and the Muslim majority East Bengal (East Pakistan) in 1946. In 1971 when East Pakistan declared independence during the Liberation War of Bangladesh, the new nation of Bangladesh was formed.

Explanation: The modern presidency means the modern Chennai and its surrounding areas.

Explanation: In 1845 agricultural prices recovered as the farmers had started extending their farm areas, moving to new areas and transforming pastureland into cultivated fields.

Explanation: The American Civil war from 1861 to 1865 was a civil ear between the United Sates of America and the Southern slave states of the newly formed Confedrate State of America under Jefferson Davis.

Explanation: The Manchester Cotton Company was formed in 1859. Its main objective was to encourage cotton production in every part of the world suited for its growth.

Explanation: The Cotton Supply Association was founded in Britain in 1857

Explanation: The district magistrate of Poona wrote the report on Deccan Riots, on 16 May, 1875 to the police commissioner.

Explanation: Jotedars were powerful in many rural areas of Bengal as they not only dominate the trade and land area but also at that time, many of the Zamindar were facing a crisis and Jotedars were consolidating their positions.

Explanation: Charles Cornwallis introduces permanent settlement in 1793 in Bengal.

Explanation: Mehtab Chand was the Raja of Burdwan. He ruled here from 1832-1879. It was one of the richest and largest feudal estates in the province of Bengal.

Explanation: Charles Cornwallis was the Commander of the British forces during the American war of Independence and the Governor Journal of Bengal from 1793-1805.

Explanation: The Battle of Plassey is considered as a starting point to the events that establish the era of British dominion and conquest in India.

Explanation: The Battle of Plassey took place on June 23, 1757, at Palashi, West Bengal, India, on the banks of the Bhagirathi River of Calcutta. The opponents were Siraj Ud Daulah, the last independent Nawab of Bengal, and the British East India Company.

Explanation: This report was of 1002 pages, of which 800 pages were appendices that reproduced petitions of Zamindars and ryots, reports of collectors from different districts.

Explanation: The Ryotwari system is associated with the name of Sir Thomas Munro, who was appointed Governor of Madras in 1820.

Explanation: Taluqdar refers to one who holds a taluq or a connection. Taluq refers to a territorial unit.