Biofertilizers are natural fertilizers that contain live microorganisms. When applied to seed, soil, or plant surfaces, these organisms enhance plant growth by increasing nutrient supply, enlarging root systems, and improving nutrient absorption.
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| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria | Example: Rhizobium. These bacteria form a mutually beneficial relationship with plants, fixing atmospheric nitrogen in exchange for food and shelter from the host plant. |
| Associative Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria | These bacteria live close to plant roots but are not directly attached. They help in nitrogen fixation near the root zone. |
| Symbiotic Cyanobacteria | Examples include Anabaena in ferns. These organisms fix nitrogen that becomes available to plants like rice after the host plant decomposes. |
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Also Check: Nutrition in Plants
The term "biofertiliser" (sometimes spelt "bio-fertilizer") refers to a material that contains living microorganisms that, when added to soil, seeds, or plant surfaces, colonise the rhizosphere or inside of the plant and encourage development by boosting the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant.
By supplying nutrients, bio fertilisers immediately raise soil fertility. Biofertilisers produce soluble phosphorus, chemicals that promote plant growth, and nitrogen fixes from the environment to supply nutrients. Biofertilisers are substances that, when added to soil, provide the microorganisms needed for soil fertility and plant growth.
Verifiers and anaerobic biofilters, composed of anaerobic microbes, are the most popular kinds of extensively used biofilters. Such biofilters are also essential for waste chemical treatment using membranes.
The biofertilisers used in our present investigation include Azotobacter and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB).
Azotobacter and Rhizobium are symbiotic and free-living bacteria, respectively. They aid in increasing the number of nutrients. So they are known as "bio-fertilizers."