Class 9 History Chapter 4 Forest Society and Colonialism

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 4 Forest Society and Colonialism

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 4 Forest Society and Colonialism is prepared and checked by the expert teachers of home-tuition.com with the help of subject matter experts in History. All the questions asked in the NCERT textbook Chapter 4 Forest Society and Colonialism are solved with the right set of explanations.Get all chapters NCERT Solutions for class 9 Social science prepared by HT experts. 

Introduction to Chapter 4 Forest Society and Colonialism

The chapter covers the important aspects of the deforestation which took place in different colonies due to the exploitative colonial policies. The British considered forest lands to be unproductive and hence were sure of the fact that they have to be brought under cultivation. The introduction of railways further pushed the demand for timber thereby leading to more deforestation. In Madras Presidency alone, 35000 trees were fell for making railway sleepers. With the introduction of commercial forestry and plantations, more and more deforestation took place. Dietrich Brandis was made the first Inspector General of Forests in India. He was the one to introduce scientific forestry in India. The concept was to replace natural forests with plantations. All these measures affected the life of the people living near the forests whose lives were dependent upon the produce from the forests. The colonial laws restricted their movement and the forest reservation system made it difficult for them to manage their livelihoods. Hunting became more of a leisure activity accessible only to the royalty or the British officials. Being denied customary rights, many tribal revolted against the new colonial laws. For instance, The Bastar rebellion where the people revolted against the denial of their customary rights. Woodcutters of Java, known as Kalangs also faced the same fate when Dutch enacted the forest laws. Around 1890, Surontiko Samin of Randublatung village, a teak forest village, began questioning state ownership of the forest. He argued that the state had not created the wind, water, earth and wood, so it could not own it. Soon a widespread movement developed. With the changing tines, governments across the world came to realise the much-needed involvement of Local communities in forest management.

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