ICSE Class 10 Geography Syllabus

BoardCBSE
TextbookNCERT
ClassClass 10
SubjectMaths
ChapterICSE Class 10 Geography Syllabus
Chapter NameChapter 2 Polynomials
Categoryboards

ICSE Class 10 Geography Syllabus For Academic Session 2025-2026

The ICSE Class 10 Geography syllabus is designed to help students develop a comprehensive understanding of geographical concepts, environmental issues, and the application of geography in real-world scenarios. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the ICSE Class 10 Geography syllabus:

Theory

1. Map Work

  • Interpretation of Topographical Maps:
    • Understanding contours, identifying landforms (hills, valleys, ridges, cliffs, escarpments), and drainage patterns (dendritic, radial, trellis).
    • Use of scale to calculate distance and area.
    • Interpretation of conventional signs and symbols (railways, roads, rivers, settlements).
    • Understanding and identifying different types of vegetation, land use, and types of settlements (nucleated, dispersed, linear).
  • Map of India:
    • Locating and Labelling on the Outline Map of India:
      • Mountains: Himalayas, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, Aravalli Range.
      • Plains: Northern Plains, Deccan Plateau.
      • Rivers: Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra, Indus, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery.
      • Lakes: Chilika, Wular, Sambhar, Vembanad.
      • Cities: Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad.
      • States and Capitals: Location of major Indian states and their capitals.
      • Neighbouring Countries: Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka.

2. Physical Geography

  • Location, Extent, and Physical Features of India:
    • Location and Extent: Latitude, longitude, and time zones of India.
    • Major Physical Divisions: The Himalayan Region, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Coastal Plains, Islands.
  • Climate:
    • Factors influencing the climate of India (latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, relief, winds, and ocean currents).
    • Seasons in India: Hot weather season, cold weather season, rainy season, and retreating monsoon.
    • Distribution of rainfall in India and its impact on agriculture and economy.
  • Soil Resources:
    • Major types of soils in India (alluvial, black, red, laterite, mountain, desert soil).
    • Characteristics, distribution, and significance of each soil type.
    • Soil erosion, its causes, and methods of soil conservation.

3. Human Geography

  • Natural Resources:
    • Types of Resources: Renewable and non-renewable resources.
  • Water Resources:
    • Importance of irrigation, types of irrigation (canals, tanks, wells, tube wells).
    • Major river systems, importance of multipurpose projects (Bhakra Nangal, Damodar Valley, Hirakud, Narmada Valley).
    • Issues related to water resources (water scarcity, pollution, conservation methods).
  • Mineral Resources:
    • Classification of minerals: Metallic (iron ore, bauxite, manganese), non-metallic (coal, petroleum, natural gas).
    • Distribution of major minerals in India and their economic importance.
    • Conservation of mineral resources.
  • Agriculture:
    • Types of farming: Subsistence, commercial, and mixed farming.
    • Major crops in India:
      • Food Crops: Rice, wheat, pulses.
      • Cash Crops: Cotton, jute, sugarcane.
      • Plantation Crops: Tea, coffee, rubber.
      • Horticulture Crops: Fruits and vegetables.
    • Green Revolution: Impact, advantages, and limitations.
    • Problems of Indian agriculture (dependence on monsoon, small and fragmented landholdings, lack of infrastructure).
  • Industries:
    • Types of industries: Agro-based, mineral-based, chemical-based, and forest-based industries.
    • Iron and Steel Industry: Location factors, distribution of major iron and steel plants.
    • Textile Industry: Cotton textile, woolen textile, silk textile, jute industry.
    • Information Technology Industry: Growth, importance, and distribution.
    • Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation: Causes, effects, and control measures.
  • Transport:
    • Modes of Transport: Roadways, railways, airways, waterways, and pipelines.
    • Importance of transportation in the economic development of India.
    • Problems of transportation in India (congestion, pollution, inefficiency).
  • Waste Management:
    • Types of waste: Biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.
    • Methods of waste disposal: Recycling, composting, landfill, incineration.
    • Environmental impact of waste and waste management strategies.

4. Population

  • Population Distribution:
    • Factors affecting population distribution in India (physical, economic, social).
  • Density of Population:
    • Calculation of population density, factors affecting population density.
  • Population Growth:
    • Trends in population growth in India, causes, and impact of rapid population growth.
  • Population Composition:
    • Age, sex, literacy rate, occupational structure, and their significance.

5. Environmental Geography

  • Natural Disasters:
    • Types of natural disasters: Earthquakes, floods, droughts, cyclones.
    • Causes, impact, and management of natural disasters.
  • Sustainable Development:
    • Concept and importance of sustainable development.
    • Role of individuals, government, and NGOs in promoting sustainable development.
  • Global Warming and Climate Change:
    • Causes, effects, and measures to combat global warming and climate change.

Practical Work

  • Map Reading and Interpretation:
    • Understanding topographical maps, contour lines, and interpreting physical features.
  • Surveying:
    • Methods of surveying, types of surveys, conducting field surveys, and presenting data.
  • Fieldwork:
    • Conducting field visits to study geographical features, human activities, and environmental issues.
    • Report writing based on field observations.