Mumbai is located on the west coast of India, along the Arabian Sea. It is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and is one of the country’s most populous and prominent cities. Mumbai is known for its vibrant culture, economic significance, and iconic landmarks, including the Gateway of India, Marine Drive, and the Bollywood film industry.
When did Bombay restore its name to Mumbai?
The name change from Bombay to Mumbai officially took place on March 6, 1996. This change was part of a broader movement to rename several places in India with names that had historical and cultural significance in the Marathi language, which is the regional language of Maharashtra, the state where Mumbai is located. The name Mumbai is derived from Mumbā, the name of the local Hindu goddess Mumbadevi, and Aai, which means “mother” in Marathi. The renaming was a reflection of cultural and linguistic identity and aimed to honour the city’s history and heritage.
What kind of climate does Mumbai have?
Mumbai has a tropical climate, specifically a tropical wet and dry climate according to the Köppen climate classification system. The city experiences three distinct seasons:
- Summer (March to June): Mumbai’s summer season is hot and humid. Daytime temperatures can often exceed 30°C (86°F) and sometimes reach into the mid-30s°C (mid-90s°F). Humidity levels are high during this period, making it feel even hotter.
- Monsoon (June to September): The monsoon season in Mumbai brings heavy rainfall and high humidity. The southwest monsoon winds bring copious amounts of rain to the region. Mumbai receives a substantial portion of its annual rainfall during this period, which can lead to flooding in some areas.
- Post-Monsoon/Winter (October to February): After the monsoon season, Mumbai experiences a post-monsoon period followed by winter. The temperatures during this time are relatively cooler and more comfortable compared to the summer months. Daytime temperatures typically range from the mid-20s°C (mid-70s°F) to low 30s°C (mid-80s°F), while night-time temperatures are cooler, often dropping into the low 20s°C (mid-60s°F). This is considered a more pleasant time to visit the city.
Mumbai’s climate is influenced by its proximity to the Arabian Sea, which helps moderate temperatures but also contributes to high humidity and the monsoon rains during the wet season. Visitors should be prepared for the hot and humid conditions during the summer and the heavy rainfall during the monsoon season.
Who were the early inhabitants of Mumbai?
The earliest known inhabitants of the area now known as Mumbai were indigenous communities and fishing communities. The region has a rich history dating back over a thousand years. Here are some of the early inhabitants and historical periods associated with Mumbai:
- Koli People: The Kolis are one of the indigenous communities of Mumbai. They were primarily fishermen and are considered to be some of the earliest inhabitants of the region. The name “Mumbai” is believed to have been derived from “Mumbā,” which is associated with the local Hindu goddess Mumbadevi and “Aai,” meaning “mother” in Marathi. Over time, the name “Bombay” came into use during the colonial period.
- Silhara Dynasty: Mumbai and its surrounding areas were ruled by the Silhara dynasty from the 9th century to the 13th century. They were known for their patronage of art and culture and contributed to the development of the region.
- Portuguese and British Colonial Period: Mumbai came under Portuguese control in the 16th century and was later ceded to the British as part of the dowry of Catherine of Braganza when she married Charles II of England in the 17th century. The British established Bombay as a major trading post and developed it into a bustling port city.
- East India Company and Colonial Era: During the British colonial era, Mumbai became an important administrative and economic center. The British influence and development transformed the city significantly.
- Immigration and Diversity: Mumbai has a long history of immigration, with people from various regions of India and beyond settling in the city. This diverse mix of cultures, languages, and communities has contributed to the vibrant and cosmopolitan character of Mumbai.
Over the centuries, Mumbai evolved from a collection of islands inhabited by indigenous communities into a thriving metropolis known for its cultural diversity, economic significance, and historical landmarks.
Famous schools and colleges of Mumbai
Mumbai is home to several prestigious schools, colleges, and universities, making it an educational hub in India. Here are some famous schools and colleges in Mumbai:
Best Schools in Mumbai
- Cathedral and John Connon School: Founded in 1860, it is one of the oldest and most prestigious schools in Mumbai, offering both ICSE and ISC curricula.
- The Doon School, Mumbai: An extension of the renowned Doon School in Dehradun, this boys’ school is known for its high-quality education.
- Bombay Scottish School: Founded in 1847, it is one of the city’s oldest and most esteemed institutions.
- Dhirubhai Ambani International School: Founded by the Reliance Group, this school offers world-class education and is known for its modern facilities.
- Jamnabai Narsee School: Located in the western suburbs, it is a popular choice for quality education.
Best Colleges and Universities in Mumbai
- University of Mumbai: One of the oldest and most prestigious universities in India, offering a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs.
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay: A premier engineering institution in India known for its technological education and research.
- Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS): Known for its programs in social sciences, social work, and related fields.
- St. Xavier’s College: A renowned institution for arts, science, and commerce education, affiliated with the University of Mumbai.
- Narsee Monjee College of Commerce and Economics: A well-regarded college for commerce and economics courses.
- Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI): Known for its engineering and technology programs.
- National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT), Mumbai: A premier institution for fashion education and design.
- H.R. College of Commerce and Economics: Known for its commerce and economics programs.
- Sophia College for Women: A prestigious women’s college known for its liberal arts and science programs.
- Jai Hind College: Offers a variety of undergraduate and postgraduate programs in arts, science, and commerce.
These are just a few examples of the many excellent educational institutions in Mumbai. The city offers a wide range of choices for students pursuing different fields of study and interests.
Top places to visit in Mumbai
Mumbai, India’s bustling metropolis, offers a wide range of attractions and places to visit. Here are some of the top places to explore in the city:
- Gateway of India: This iconic monument is a symbol of Mumbai and a popular tourist spot. It overlooks the Arabian Sea and was built to commemorate the visit of King George V and Queen Mary to Mumbai in 1911.
- Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus: Formerly known as Victoria Terminus, this historic railway station is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its stunning architecture features a blend of Victorian Gothic and Indian architectural styles.
- Elephanta Caves: Located on Elephanta Island in Mumbai Harbor, these rock-cut cave temples are known for their intricate sculptures and carvings, many of which are dedicated to Lord Shiva.
- Marine Drive: Often referred to as the “Queen’s Necklace” because of its stunning nighttime view, Marine Drive is a picturesque promenade along the Arabian Sea, perfect for an evening stroll.
- Chowpatty Beach: Located near Marine Drive, Chowpatty Beach is a popular spot for enjoying street food, picnicking, and watching sunsets.
- Haji Ali Dargah: This 15th-century Islamic shrine is located on an islet in the Arabian Sea and is accessible via a causeway during low tide. It’s a place of religious significance and architectural beauty.
- Juhu Beach: Another famous beach in Mumbai, Juhu Beach is known for its lively atmosphere, street food vendors, and recreational activities.
- Siddhivinayak Temple: Dedicated to Lord Ganesha, this Hindu temple in Prabhadevi is a revered religious site and a beautiful example of temple architecture.
- Bandra-Worli Sea Link: This engineering marvel is a cable-stayed bridge that connects the suburbs of Bandra and Worli. It offers stunning views of the city and the Arabian Sea.
- Film City: Visit the famous Film City studios in Goregaon to catch a glimpse of Bollywood film production. Guided tours are available for visitors.
- Sanjay Gandhi National Park: Located in the northern part of the city, this park offers a peaceful escape from the urban chaos. You can explore caves, hike, and see wildlife, including leopards.
- Colaba Causeway: This bustling market area is known for its shops, boutiques, and street vendors selling clothing, jewelry, and handicrafts.
- Nehru Science Centre: A great place for science enthusiasts, this interactive museum features various exhibits and activities related to science and technology.
- Chor Bazaar: Known as the “Thieves’ Market,” this bustling flea market is a treasure trove of antiques, vintage items, and unique finds.
- Mumbai’s Art Galleries: Explore the city’s thriving art scene by visiting art galleries like the Jehangir Art Gallery and the National Gallery of Modern Art.
These are just a few of the many attractions Mumbai has to offer. The city’s rich cultural heritage, vibrant street life, and diverse experiences make it a fascinating destination for travellers.