Kolkata, also known as Calcutta, is a major city located in the eastern part of India. It is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal and is situated on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River, which is a distributary of the Ganges River. Kolkata is one of India’s largest and most populous cities and is known for its historical significance, cultural heritage, and economic activities. It was the capital of British India until 1911 and played a vital role in the country’s struggle for independence. Today, Kolkata is a thriving metropolis with a diverse mix of traditions, art, and commerce.
Climate of Kolkata
Kolkata experiences a tropical wet-and-dry climate, which is characterized by distinct seasons throughout the year. Here’s a breakdown of the climate in Kolkata:
- Summer (March to June): Summers in Kolkata are hot and humid. During this period, daytime temperatures can often rise above 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit), and the humidity levels are high. It is not uncommon for Kolkata to experience heatwaves during the peak of summer.
- Monsoon (June to September): The southwest monsoon arrives in Kolkata in June, bringing relief from the intense heat. Kolkata receives a significant amount of rainfall during this period, with heavy downpours and occasional thunderstorms. Monsoons in Kolkata can be quite intense, and flooding is a common occurrence in certain areas.
- Post-Monsoon (October to November): After the monsoon season, Kolkata experiences a transitional period with gradually decreasing humidity levels and pleasant weather. This period is often considered one of the most comfortable times to visit the city.
- Winter (December to February): Winters in Kolkata are mild and dry. Daytime temperatures range from 15 to 25 degrees Celsius (59 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit). Nights can be cooler, with temperatures occasionally dropping below 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit).
Overall, Kolkata’s climate is marked by hot and humid summers, a monsoon season with heavy rainfall, a brief post-monsoon period, and mild winters. The best time to visit Kolkata for comfortable weather is typically during the post-monsoon and winter months when the temperature is more moderate and the humidity is lower.
Who were the early inhabitants of Kolkata?
The early history of Kolkata (formerly known as Calcutta) is marked by various settlements and influences from different groups and communities. Here are some of the key groups of early inhabitants and historical periods associated with Kolkata:
- Ancient Period: The region around Kolkata has a history dating back over 2,000 years and was part of the ancient Indian kingdoms. It was inhabited by indigenous people, and the area came under the influence of various dynasties, including the Mauryas, Guptas, and Pala dynasties.
- Medieval Period: During the medieval period, the region saw the presence of various rulers and dynasties, including the Delhi Sultanate and the Bengal Sultanate. It was also part of the Mughal Empire during the reign of Emperor Akbar.
- British Colonial Era: Kolkata’s modern history begins with the arrival of the British East India Company in the late 17th century. In 1690, the British established a trading post in the area, which later evolved into the settlement of Calcutta. The British played a pivotal role in shaping the city’s culture, administration, and infrastructure during the colonial period.
- European Influence: Besides the British, Kolkata attracted other European powers, including the Portuguese, Dutch, French, and Danes, who established their trading posts and settlements in the region.
- Cultural Diversity: Kolkata has historically been a diverse city, with communities of Bengalis, Europeans, Chinese, Armenians, and others coexisting. This diversity has contributed to the city’s rich cultural heritage.
- Port City: Kolkata’s location on the Hooghly River made it a prominent trading port, and it was a center for the exchange of goods, including textiles, spices, and opium.
- Cultural Renaissance: Kolkata became a hub for cultural and intellectual activities during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a focal point of the Bengal Renaissance, which saw a flourishing of art, literature, and social reform movements.
- Independence Movement: Kolkata played a significant role in India’s struggle for independence from British colonial rule. It was a center for political activism, and prominent leaders like Subhas Chandra Bose and Rabindranath Tagore were associated with the city.
Today, Kolkata is a bustling metropolis with a blend of historical and modern elements, and it continues to be a vibrant center of culture, education, and commerce.
List of famous schools and colleges of Kolkata
Kolkata, the capital of West Bengal, is home to several prestigious schools, colleges, and universities known for their quality education. Here are some of the famous educational institutions in Kolkata:
Best Schools in kolkata:
- La Martiniere for Boys and La Martiniere for Girls: These sister schools are among the oldest and most prestigious in Kolkata, offering a well-rounded education.
- St. Xavier’s Collegiate School and St. Xavier’s Collegiate School: Affiliated with the Jesuit order, these schools are known for their academic excellence and holistic development of students.
- The Heritage School: This school follows the CBSE curriculum and is known for its modern infrastructure, academic rigor, and extracurricular activities.
- Don Bosco School, Park Circus: Don Bosco School is renowned for its educational standards and emphasis on character development.
- South Point School: One of the city’s top-rated schools, South Point is known for its academic excellence and cultural activities.
Colleges and Universities in Kolkata
- University of Calcutta (Calcutta University): Established in 1857, Calcutta University is one of India’s oldest universities and offers a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs.
- Jadavpur University: Jadavpur University is a renowned public research university known for its engineering, science, arts, and humanities programs.
- Presidency University: Formerly known as Presidency College, it is one of the oldest and most prestigious institutions in Kolkata, focusing on liberal arts and sciences.
- St. Xavier’s College, Kolkata: Affiliated with the University of Calcutta, St. Xavier’s College offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in arts, science, and commerce.
- Indian Statistical Institute (ISI): ISI is a premier institution for statistics and research, attracting students and scholars from around the world.
- Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata: Established in 1835, it is one of the oldest medical colleges in India and is known for its medical education and research.
- Kolkata National University of Juridical Sciences (NUJS): NUJS is a prestigious law school known for its legal education and research programs.
- Indian Institute of Management Calcutta (IIM Calcutta): One of the top business schools in India, IIM Calcutta offers management programs and executive education.
- St. Xavier’s College, Kolkata: Affiliated with the University of Calcutta, St. Xavier’s College offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in arts, science, and commerce.
- Rabindra Bharati University: Named after Rabindranath Tagore, this university specializes in arts, music, and fine arts education and research.
These are just a few of the many esteemed educational institutions in Kolkata. The city has a rich academic tradition and offers a diverse range of educational opportunities across various fields and disciplines.
Top places to visit in Kolkata
Kolkata, the cultural capital of India, is a city with a rich heritage, historical landmarks, and a vibrant arts and cultural scene. Here are some of the top places to visit in Kolkata:
- Victoria Memorial: This iconic white marble monument is dedicated to Queen Victoria and is surrounded by beautiful gardens. It houses a museum with an extensive collection of artifacts from the British colonial era.
- Howrah Bridge: Also known as Rabindra Setu, this cantilever bridge is one of Kolkata’s most recognizable landmarks and a stunning sight, especially when lit up at night.
- Dakshineswar Kali Temple: Located on the banks of the Hooghly River, this temple is dedicated to Goddess Kali and is known for its serene ambiance and stunning architecture.
- Belur Math: This spiritual retreat on the west bank of the Hooghly River is associated with Swami Vivekananda and is a place of meditation and reflection.
- Indian Museum: Established in 1814, this is one of the oldest and largest museums in India, with an extensive collection of art, archaeology, and natural history exhibits.
- Marble Palace: This 19th-century mansion is known for its neoclassical architecture and houses a remarkable collection of art, including sculptures and paintings.
- Kalighat Kali Temple: Dedicated to Goddess Kali, this historic temple is an important pilgrimage site and known for its distinctive architecture.
- Science City: A great place for science enthusiasts, Science City features interactive exhibits, a space theater, and a 3D science show.
- Mother House (Missionaries of Charity): This is the former residence of Mother Teresa, who founded the Missionaries of Charity. Visitors can pay their respects and learn about her life and work.
- Princep Ghat: Located along the banks of the Hooghly River, this scenic spot offers beautiful views of the river, gardens, and the Vidyasagar Setu bridge.
- Park Street: Known as “Food Street,” Park Street is famous for its restaurants, cafes, and vibrant nightlife. It’s a hub for food and entertainment.
- New Market: This historic shopping area is a bustling market known for its wide range of goods, including clothing, accessories, and traditional Bengali sweets.
- College Street: Also known as “Boi Para” (Book Street), this area is famous for its numerous bookstores and is a haven for book lovers.
- South Park Street Cemetery: This historic cemetery dates back to the British colonial era and contains ornate graves and tombs of notable individuals.
- Nakhoda Mosque: One of Kolkata’s largest mosques, Nakhoda Mosque is an architectural marvel and an important religious site for the Muslim community.
These are just a few of the many attractions in Kolkata. The city’s unique blend of history, culture, and modernity offers a wide range of experiences for visitors.
FAQs on Kolkata
Which state is Kolkata located?
Kolkata is located in the state of West Bengal, India.
Is Kolkata in India or Bengal?
Kolkata is in the state of West Bengal, India.
Is Kolkata in North or West?
Kolkata is located in the east of India.
Why is Kolkata known as?
Kolkata is known for its rich history, cultural heritage, and its significant role as a center of education, commerce, and religion in India.