An inductor is a passive electronic component that stores energy in a magnetic field when an electric current flows through it. It is typically made by winding a wire into a coil and is represented by the symbol “L” in circuit diagrams. The fundamental principle behind an inductor is electromagnetic induction, which was discovered by Michael Faraday.
Key characteristics and features of inductors include:
 Coil Structure: Inductors are usually made by winding a conducting wire into a coil or spiral shape. The coil may have an iron core (in the case of iron-core inductors) or an air core (in the case of air-core inductors).
Inductance (L): The property that characterizes an inductor is called inductance, denoted by the symbol “L” and measured in henrys (H). Inductance is a measure of the inductor’s ability to store energy in its magnetic field. The inductance depends on factors such as the number of turns in the coil, the coil’s dimensions, and the material of the core.
Opposition to Change in Current: According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, when the current through an inductor changes, it induces a voltage across the inductor that opposes the change in current. This opposition to changes in current is known as inductive reactance.
Time Constants: Inductors play a role in determining the time constants in electrical circuits. They are often involved in transient responses, affecting the rate at which current or voltage changes in a circuit.
Applications: Inductors are used in a variety of electronic circuits and devices. They are common components in power supplies, transformers, electric motors, inductance coils in radio frequency circuits, and filters.
Energy Storage: Inductors store energy in their magnetic fields when current flows through them. This stored energy can be released back into the circuit when the current changes, making inductors useful in energy storage applications.
In summary, an inductor is a fundamental electronic component with the ability to store energy in its magnetic field and exhibit interesting electrical properties in various circuit applications.