What are the laws put forth by Mendel?
Meiosis
One chromosome is obtained from mother and one from father because, during meiosis, the chromosomes get separated and haploid cells are formed.
There are three laws which were put forth by Gregor Mandel:
- Law of Segregation
- Law of Independent Assortment
- Law of Dominance
What does the Law of segregation state?
        Gamete formation
The law of segregation states that during gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one gene for each allele.
For example,
There is one set of gene ‘Bb’ for eye colour. During gamete formation, the allele for the gene of the eye colour will get separated in each gamete. So, ‘B’ will get into one gamete and ‘b’ will get into the other gamete. Thus, alleles for a gene or genes segregate during gamete formation.
This is called the Law of Segregation.