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What is the Neural tube?

• The neural tube is the part of the embryo that develops into the
• It has three parts: prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and
• Prosencephalon develops into forebrain, mesencephalon into midbrain, and rhombencephalon into hindbrain in

Parts of neural tube

What is Brain?

• The brain is the organ of the human body that controls
• It also controls involuntary activities like breathing, digestion, respiration, and many

What are the Different parts of the brain?

The brain has three major parts: forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.

(i) Forebrain

• The forebrain is the part of the brain that is responsible for carrying out activities like body temperature, reproductive functions, sleeping, and many
• It has three major parts: cerebrum, thalamus, and

○ Cerebrum

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It is responsible for memory, speech, and emotional responses.

○ Thalamus

Thalamus is responsible for relaying many sensory and motor signals, along with regulating important activities like consciousness, sleep, and alertness.

○ Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus is a bridge between the nervous system and hormonal system. It does so with the help of Pituitary gland.

The hypothalamus is also responsible for controlling behavioural patterns, hunger, thirst, body temperature, and fatigue.

(ii) Midbrain

• Midbrain is the region responsible for activities like

(iii) Hindbrain

• The hindbrain is the posterior part of the
• It has three parts: Cerebellum, Pons Varolii, and Medulla

○ Cerebellum

The cerebellum is also called the little brain.

It is responsible for major activities like maintaining the balanced state of the body,

maintaining body posture, and the body’s equilibrium.

○ Pons Varolii

Pons Varolii consists of fibres that help to interconnect the various areas of the brain.

○ Medulla Oblongata

The medulla oblongata contains various centres like cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory centre.

It is responsible for controlling autonomic activities like the heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, release of gastric secretions, and many more.

What is Corpus callosum?

Parts of the brain

The left and right hemispheres of the brain are connected by a bridge made up of myelinated axons fibres called the corpus callosum.

Corpus callosum