Which are the types of fishes?
There are two main types of fishes:
- Shelled fishes: Fishes having shells
- Finned fishes: Fishes having fins
Which are the types of fishing?
There are two types of fishing.
- Capture fishing: If the fish are fished in natural resources, we call it Capture fishing. Small villages and small fishermen usually employ this technique of
- Culture fishing/ Fish farming: Culture fishing or fish farming is the farming of fishes by breeding and rearing them. Culture fishing is also known as Pisciculture. Fish farming in general is economically
The water source of the fish can be either seawater or freshwater, such as in rivers and ponds. Fishing can thus be done both by capture and culture of fish in marine and freshwater ecosystems.
What is the need for fish production?
Fish are the cheapest source of animal protein. Fish constitutes a major portion of the human diet. Fish production was initially dependent on capturing fishes. But these fishes never reached
for human consumption as the majority of the captured fish was used for industrial purposes. Therefore, an alternative method was developed to increase fish production, where fishes were reared and cultured especially for human consumption.
Which are the Culture fishing methods?
Based on the water source where the fishes are reared, culture fishing method is classified into two types. Let us look at them.
- Marine fishery: Marine fishery is a type of culture fishing method where fishing is done in seas. Fishing nets and boats are the prerequisites for marine
For instance, Pearl culture. Here oyster, a shellfish are bred and reared for the pearls.
- Inland fishery: Inland fishing is done in freshwater The most viable place to get a good catch of fish is the brackish waters. It is the place where seawater meets freshwater. It is also known as an estuary. The unique temperature and the pH level makes for a good site of fish breeding.
There are still a few methods that can be used to culture fishes.
- Crop farming: Crop farming can also be clubbed with fishing. Paddy cultivation requires a lot of water that must be stored in the fields. These fields have a good level of water above the ground. Waterlogging here seems beneficial as small fish can be bred in these
- Composite fish culture: This technique involves different species of fish which are bred at the same time in the same water body. The species chosen for breeding have different nutrient layers which means fishes take their nutrients from different layers in the One fish species wouldn’t venture into the territory of the other.
Let us look at an example.
Say we have these different species of fish- Catla, Rohu, Mrigal, Common Carp and Grass Carp.
Catla fish are surface feeders. They will eat their food only on the surface of the water. Rohu fish stick only to the middle zone of the water. Mrigal and Common Carp fish are bottom feeders. Grass Carp fish feed on the weeds that grow in the water body.
Each species has its territory demarcated.
This type of culture is very beneficial as many fishes can be bred at the same time in the same water body.