What were the main 3 causes of the discontent among the Indian rulers and landlords

1. The British Policy of annexation created unrest among the rulers of the states whose territories were annexed.

2. The Doctrine of Lapse added to the discontent of the Indian rulers as the ruling families were losing power which put to fear the other rulers that a similar fate awaited them.

3. The Subsidiary Alliance, where the British promised protection to states from outsiders also annoyed the rulers.