What are the different factors, which affect the activity of enzymatic reaction?

Several factors affect the rate at which enzymatic reactions proceed - temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators.

Enzyme Concentration: The effect of enzyme concentration upon the reaction rate shows that the substrate must be present in an excess amount. Any change in the amount of product formed over a specified period of time, will be dependent upon the level of enzyme present.

Substrate Concentration: If the amount of the enzyme is kept constant and the substrate concentration is then gradually increased, the reaction velocity will increase until it reaches a maximum. After this point, increases in substrate concentration will not increase the velocity.

Temperature Effects: Like most chemical reactions, the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction increases as the temperature is raised.

Effects of pH: The most favorable pH value - the point where the enzyme is most active - is known as the optimum pH. Extremely high or low pH values generally result in complete loss of activity. As with activity, for each enzyme there is also a region of pH optimal stability.

Effects of Inhibitors on Enzyme Activity: Enzyme inhibitors are substances, which alter the catalytic action of the enzyme and consequently slow down, or in some cases, stop catalysis.